Abstract: Myelin, made by oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system (CNS), is essential for neural transmission. In particular, myelin facilitates communication across the long connections between different brain regions that form the white matter. Myelinated segments also provide metabolic intermediates to axons, supporting their demanding energetic needs. Genetic disorders that disrupt myelin formation result in progressive neurologic degeneration, referred to as leukodystrophies. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an acquired disease, reflecting both genetic and environmental factors.