Abstract: The inter-related pathological cascades following a traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) disrupt multiple cell types and physiological processes. Subsequently, motor and sensory functions are disrupted by breakdowns in cellular interactions and circuitry. Therapeutic interventions seek to modify some aspects of the injury course to enable the re-establishment of functional circuitry. Interventions often target one cell type (e.g., promoting neuroprotection or neural regeneration) or one process (e.g., modulating inflammation, affecting astrocytic, microglial, or macrophage responses.) Many axons in the spinal cord are myelinated, and after injury oligodendrocyte death causes demyelination. Promoting remyelination of spared or new axons to re-establish conduction seems a logical choice as a therapeutic target. However, “remyelination” refers to a binary process: the presence or absence of myelin regeneration. “White matter remodeling” considers the plasticity of and interactions between the multiple cell types essential for signal conduction. As the field develops more combinatorial approaches, wherein interventions target multiple cell types and processes, incorporating the concept of white matter remodeling, as opposed to remyelination, considers how to re-establish the requisite cellular circuitry necessary for regaining function.