Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a neurodegenerative component, characterized by demyelination and degeneration of nerve fibers. It affects mainly young adults (aged 20 to 45 years) and its causes are still unknown, but it is thought that external factors such as viruses and environmental factors trigger the disease in people with a genetic susceptibility. Patients are classified into four main categories based on the clinical course of the disease: relapsing remitting (RR)-MS, the most common form, characterized by relapses and periods of remission; secondary progressive (SP)-MS, which may develop secondarily in RR-MS patients, characterized by continuous worsening with or without periods of remission; primary progressive (PP)-MS in which symptoms continue to worsen from the onset of the disease. In particular, the PP-MS form is more resistant to the currently available pharmacological treatments used to treat the other forms, and progressive relapsing-MS, a rare form characterized by continuous disease progression from the onset.