中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2014, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (20): 1787-1795.

• 综述:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

脊髓损伤后的小胶质细胞及巨噬细胞

  

  • 收稿日期:2014-08-20 出版日期:2014-10-25 发布日期:2014-10-25

Function of microglia and macrophages in secondary damage after spinal cord injury

Xiang Zhou 1, Xijing He 1, Yi Ren 2   

  1. 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
    2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
  • Received:2014-08-20 Online:2014-10-25 Published:2014-10-25
  • Contact: Yi Ren, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA, yi.ren@med.fsu.edu.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by grants from National Institutes of Health (R01GM100474) and the New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Research (CSCR13IRG006). 

摘要:

脊髓损伤是至目前无有效治疗措施的神经性创伤。脊髓损伤的病理生理机制涉及原发损伤及继发性损伤2部分。其中炎症反应在继发性损伤中起重要作用,它导致损伤的加剧和功能的丧失。炎症可直接或间接支配脊髓损伤的预后,包括疼痛及运动功能障碍,而且决定神经元是否可以再生。小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞在继发性损伤中发挥着非常重要的作用。小胶质细胞存在于脊髓实质,它是监测脊髓微环境损伤或感染的信号。巨噬细胞衍生自外周循环损伤部位的单核细胞。激活的小胶质细胞和单核细胞来源的巨噬细胞,通过其分泌的分子和细胞吞噬功能的方式,以及影响星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞和髓鞘脱失等方式加剧免疫和炎症反应。美国佛罗里达州立大学生物医学系Yi Ren教授侧重于研究小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞在脊髓损伤继发性损伤中的作用,以及如何通过有效手段抑制其作用,促进脊髓损伤的治疗。

Abstract:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating type of neurological trauma with limited therapeutic opportunities. The pathophysiology of SCI involves primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. Among all the secondary injury mechanisms, the inflammatory response is the major contributor and results in expansion of the lesion and further loss of neurologic function. Meanwhile, the inflammation directly and indirectly dominates the outcomes of SCI, including not only pain and motor dysfunction, but also preventingneuronal regeneration. Microglia and macrophages play very important roles in secondary injury. Microglia reside in spinal parenchyma and survey the microenvironment through the signals of injury or infection. Macrophages are derived from monocytes recruited to injured sites from the peripheral circulation. Activated resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages induce and magnify immune and inflammatory responses not only by means of their secretory moleculesand phagocytosis, but also through their influence on astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and demyelination. In this review, we focus on the roles of microglia and macrophages in secondary injury and how they contribute to the sequelae of SCI.

Key words: astrocytes, cytokines, chemokines, demyelination, inflammation, oligodendrocytes, M1/M2 activation, macrophages, microglia, secondary damage, spinal cord injury