中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (3): 385-390.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.153685

• 综述:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

他莫昔芬和Src激酶抑制剂:可作为脊髓损伤后神经保护和再生的药物?

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-01-25 出版日期:2015-03-20 发布日期:2015-03-20

Tamoxifen and Src kinase inhibitors as neuroprotective/neuroregenerative drugs after spinal cord injury

Iris K. Salgado 1, Aranza I. Torrado 1, Jose M. Santiago 2, Jorge D. Miranda 1   

  1. 1 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
    2 University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Department of Natural Sciences, Carolina, PR 00984, USA
  • Received:2015-01-25 Online:2015-03-20 Published:2015-03-20
  • Contact: Jorge D. Miranda, Ph.D., jorge.miranda3@upr.edu.
  • Supported by:

    The project was partially supported by the MBRS-RISE Program (R25 GM061838) and COBRE (5P20-GM103642).

摘要:

脊髓损伤最初是由物理冲击引发的病症,该损伤在急性期会立即触发分子和细胞的改变,同时导致脊髓坏死、血管损伤、局部缺血、兴奋毒性和水肿发生,脊髓坏死后会引发炎症以及损伤后的轴突变性和脱髓鞘。在慢性期炎症进一步发展,细胞程序性死亡(即细胞凋亡),发生反应性神经胶质增生和胶质瘢痕形成。因此,我们极需要针对物理性脊髓损伤引发细胞事件的多重活性药物。神经保护化合物在病变区和周边区域减少死亡细胞是十分必要的(包括神经元,星形胶质细胞和/或少突胶质细胞),同时也需要再生药物来促进在整个受损区域的轴突生长。

Abstract:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that produces significant changes in the lifestyle of patients. Many molecular and cellular events are triggered after the initial physical impact to the cord. Two major phases have been described in the field of SCI: an acute phase and late phase. Most of the therapeutic strategies are focused on the late phase because this provides an opportunity to target cellular events like apoptosis, demyelination, scar formation and axonal outgrowth. In this mini-review, we will focus on two agents (tamoxifen and a Src kinase family inhibitor known as PP2) that have been shown in our laboratory to produce neuroprotective (increase cell survival) and/or regenerative (axonal outgrowth) actions. The animal model used in our laboratory is adult female rat (~250 g) with a moderate contusion (12.5 mm) to the spinal cord at the T10 level, using the MASCIS impactor device. Tamoxifen or PP2 was administered by implantation of a 15 mg pellet (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL, USA) or by intraperitoneal injections (1.5 mg/kg, every 3 days), respectively, to produce a long-term effect (28 days). Tamoxifen and the Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, are drugs that in rats with a moderate spinal cord injury promote functional locomotor recovery, increase spared white matter tissue, and stimulate axonal outgrowth. Moreover, tamoxifen reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, these drugs are possible therapeutic agents that have a neuroprotective/regenerative activity in vertebrates with SCI.

Key words: tamoxifen, Src kinase, PP2, trauma, regeneration, neuroprotection