中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (9): 1381-1382.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.165222

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

脂肪与脑的“交谈”:脂肪通过维持神经元活性延缓神经退行性疾病的发生

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-06-15 出版日期:2015-09-28 发布日期:2015-09-28

 Adipose-brain crosstalk: do adipokines have a role in neuroprotection?

Jonathan P. Little, Adeel Safdar   

  1. School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada, V1V 1V7 (Little JP)
    Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1 (Safdar A)
  • Received:2015-06-15 Online:2015-09-28 Published:2015-09-28
  • Contact: Jonathan P. Little, Ph.D., jonathan.little@ubc.ca.

摘要:

从流行病学和实验研究中得到的越来越多的证据表明,肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病及其相关的代谢后果与认知衰退加速相关。肥胖后的血管、代谢、炎性和结构变化都有可能发挥作用。1994年发现的瘦素,以及我们随后的一些理解是,脂肪组织是一种内分泌器官,可以与大脑通信以调节食欲带来的一些神经元病理生理的问题。脂肪组织的分泌特性可能通过维持神经元活性,降低神经退行性变的发生率。神经元可表达各种脂肪因子的受体,并表明从脂肪组织释放的因素有直接与脑进行通信的可能性。这方面的研究相对较新颖。总之,最新研究结果表明了瘦脂肪组织可以分泌具有神经保护特性的因子。通过体内研究进一步探明其身份,将加深我们对脂肪因子神经保护作用的理解。

Abstract:

Accumulating evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that obesity, and its related metabolic consequences of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, are associated with accelerated cognitive decline. The etiology of neurodegeneration in obesity is undoubtedly complex, with vascular, metabolic, inflammatory, and structural changes all likely to play a role. The discovery of leptin in 1994 and the subsequent advancement in our understanding that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that can communicate with the brain to regulate appetite brings about the intriguing possibility that adipose-brain crosstalk could be involved in obesity-related neurodegeneration. Indeed neurons have been shown to express receptors for various adipokines, indicating that factors released from adipose tissue have the potential to communicate directly with the brain. Research in this area is relatively new, but some intriguing new studies highlight that the secretory profile of adipose tissue might be involved in maintenance of neuronal viability.