中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (11): 1741-1742.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.165297

• 观点:周围神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

标准半导体支架:高端神经接口的“积木”

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-07-27 出版日期:2015-12-07 发布日期:2015-12-07

Compliant semiconductor scaffolds: building blocks for advanced neural interfaces

Francesca Cavallo*   

  1. Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
  • Received:2015-07-27 Online:2015-12-07 Published:2015-12-07
  • Contact: Francesca Cavallo, Ph.D., fcavallo@unm.edu.

摘要:

神经接口设备有益于神经科学,神经义肢和神经再生的研究。为了解神经元如何沟通、处理信息和控制行为,研究人员需要使用高特异性和高时空分辨率设备监控神经细胞的活动。神经假体需要经过微创植入装置重新替换神经系统中丧失的功能,并且绕开失调的功能通路;神经设备必须通过支持并促进损伤部位的宿主神经元进行损伤神经的修复重建。最后,在越来越多条件下,神经调节正在从不得已的治疗方式成为首选治疗方法,而可植入装置能够执行所需要神经活动进行有针对性的调节。小型化设备、材料工程和纳米技术等成功设备正越来越多地应用于神经回路中。无线脊髓和脑深部刺激、视网膜和耳蜗植入物以及神经元记录的高密度阵列电极已经被证明正在显著影响着神经科学的基础研究和人们的个人生活。

Abstract:

Neuroscience, neuroprosthetics and neural regeneration would benefit from more adequate in-terfacing devices. To understand how neurons communicate, process information and control behavior, researchers need to monitor nerve cell activity with high specifity and high spatio-temporal resolution. Neural prostheses require minimally invasive implantable devices to re-place lost function, and bypass dysfunctional pathways in the nervous system. Devices built to repair damaged nerves have to support and promote regeneration of host neurons through an injured area. Finally as neuromodulation is being elevated from last resort to first choice treat-ment for an increasing number of conditions, implantable devices able to perform targeted regulation of neural activity are needed. Recent advances in device miniaturization, materials engineering and nanotechnology are enabling development of an increasing number of devices that effectively interface with neural circuits. Wireless spinal cord and deep brain stimulators, retinal and cochlear implants, high density electrodes arrays for neural recording have already proven to significantly impact fundamental research in neuroscience as well as individuals’ quality of life.