中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3): 394-395.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.179036

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

髓鞘形成中未折叠蛋白反应的作用

  

  • 收稿日期:2016-01-25 出版日期:2016-03-15 发布日期:2016-03-15

The role of the unfolded protein response in myelination

Michelle C. Naughton, Jill M. McMahon, Una F. FitzGerald   

  1. NCBES, Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Republic of Ireland
  • Received:2016-01-25 Online:2016-03-15 Published:2016-03-15
  • Contact: Una F. FitzGerald, Ph.D.,una.fitzgerald@nuigalway.ie.

摘要:

髓磷脂成分的产生、运输和整合至膜的发育时期是一个高度协调的规范化过程,这一过程很大程度上依赖于内质网—一个亚细胞细胞器,膜组件的重要组成部分。粗面内质网上的核糖体允许蛋白质转化,例如蛋白质脂蛋白(占整个髓磷脂蛋白的50%),首先调整可折叠,其次为转译后修饰,最后配合初期光面内质网—人工合成脂类。我们实验室假设少突细胞可通过一种特别的未折叠蛋白反应来应对髓鞘形成过程中异常合成的需求,类似于通过区分B淋巴细胞,这里未折叠蛋白反应的三个方法会有区别的活化,并且会对蛋白激酶核糖核酸有显著的抑制作用,如内质网激酶通道。由于蛋白激酶RNA样内质网激酶通路会导致显著的大范围的蛋白质转译减少,从而有利于髓鞘形成。抑制该通路并与分子增加配合可以改善内质网的能力和效率,而通过激活转录因子6和肌醇需要酶1信令得到的效果只能在一段时间内产生强烈的生物活性。目前仍值得商榷的问题是是否应该激活未折叠蛋白反应方法中的转录因子6和肌醇酶1,从而促进病理条件下的髓鞘再生,例如多发性硬化症。

Abstract:

The production, transport and integration of myelin components into the membrane during development is a highly coordinated and regulated process that relies heavily on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a sub-cellular organelle that is the principal site of membrane assembly. Ribosomes on the rough ER allow translation of proteins such as proteolipid protein (PLP) (comprising 50% of total myelin protein) prior to correct folding, post-translational modifications and eventual complexing with nascent smooth ER-synthesised lipids. We hypothesise that oligodendrocytes may make use of a specialised UPR during developmental myelination to cope with exceptional synthetic demand in a manner similar to that employed by differentiating B lymphocytes, where the three arms of the UPR are differentially activated and there is a notable suppression of the PERK pathway. Such a strategy would probably be beneficial in the instance of high protein and membrane manufacture, such as myelination, since PERK signalling is known to result in a significant and global reduction in protein translation. Suppression of this arm, in conjunction with the increase in molecules that improve both the capacity and efficiency of the ER, afforded by signalling through ATF6 and IRE1, can only be of benefit during a period of such intense bioactivity. The question of whether or not activation of the IRE1 and ATF6 arms of the UPR can be boosted therapeutically in an effort to promote remyelination in diseases such as MS, merits further investigation.