中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (9): 1389-1391.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.191199

• 综述:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

利用神经活动促进脊髓损伤后损伤的皮质脊髓系统修复

  

  • 收稿日期:2016-06-17 出版日期:2016-09-30 发布日期:2016-09-30
  • 基金资助:
    研究由美国国家卫生研究院R01NS064004和纽约州健康部脊髓损伤委员会C30606GG,C30835GG支持

Harnessing neural activity to promote repair of the damaged corticospinal system after spinal cord injury

John H. Martin   

  1. Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
  • Received:2016-06-17 Online:2016-09-30 Published:2016-09-30
  • Contact: John H. Martin, Ph.D., jmartin@ccny.cuny.edu.
  • Supported by:
    Support provided by grants from the National Institutes of Health R01NS064004 and the New York State Department of Health Spinal Cord Injury Board C30606GG, C30835GG.

摘要:

由于大多数脊髓损伤是不完全的,促进神经修复和恢复丧失的运动功能的重要靶标是促进已退缩脊髓运动回路的连接。在这些途径中,皮质脊髓束与人类和许多动物的熟练自愿功能最为相关。无论是在运动皮层起源或在皮质下和脊髓中的白质束中,皮质脊髓束损失都会导致运动障碍和瘫痪。想要恢复损伤后的运动功能,需要修复损伤的皮质脊髓束。在这篇综述文章中,我讨论皮质脊髓束活动依赖发展的内容,并通过皮质脊髓束终端的轴突修剪,轴突生长和突触竞争建立连接特异性,为成熟动物损伤后促进幸免皮质脊髓束轴突发芽建立一种新的基于活性的治疗方法。这种治疗包括具有和不具有并行跨脊髓直流电刺激的运动皮层电刺激,导致大鼠脊髓中稀疏皮质脊髓束轴突的灰质轴突长度增加,并且在锥体束损伤后恢复熟练运动功能。我在文中讨论了如何在C4挫伤大鼠模型中应用这种方法。

orcid: 0000-0002-8670-8469 (John H. Martin)

Abstract: As most spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are incomplete, an important target for promoting neural repair and recovery of lost motor function is to promote the connections of spared descending spinal pathways with spinal motor circuits. Among the pathways, the corticospinal tract (CST) is most associated with skilled voluntary functions in humans and many animals. CST loss, whether at its origin in the motor cortex or in the white matter tracts subcortically and in the spinal cord, leads to movement impairments and paralysis. To restore motor function after injury will require repair of the damaged CST. In this review, I discuss how knowledge of activity-dependent development of the CST—which establishes connectional specifcity through axon pruning, axon outgrowth, and synaptic competition among CST terminals—informed a novel activity-based therapy for promoting sprouting of spared CST axons after injur in mature animals. This therapy, which comprises motor cortex electrical stimulation with and without concurrent trans-spinal direct current stimulation, leads to an increase in the gray matter axon length of spared CST axons in the rat spinal cord and, after a pyramidal tract lesion, restoration of skilled locomotor movements. I discuss how this approach is now being applied to a C4 contusion rat model.

Key words: corticospinal tract, motor cortex, electrical stimulation, spinal direct current stimulation, spinal cord injury, brain injury