中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4): 769-772.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.353483

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

组成型分泌的细胞外分子伴侣在神经元修复和再生中的作用

  

  • 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2022-10-27

Roles of constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones in neuronal cell repair and regeneration

Sandeep Satapathy1, 2, *, Mark R. Wilson3, 4   

  1. 1Blavatnik Institute of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;  2The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA;  3Molecular Horizons and The School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, Australia;  4Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
  • Online:2023-04-15 Published:2022-10-27
  • Contact: Sandeep Satapathy, PhD, ssatapat@broadinstitute.org.

摘要:

蛋白质质量控制涉及许多与调节蛋白质的表达、定位、转换和降解有关的生物过程;最近研究还显示其对再生过程中干细胞的分化至关重要。组成型分泌的细胞外分子在神经元损伤和疾病中的作用还不甚明了。细胞外伴侣是由许多细胞类型表达的多功能蛋白质,包括神经系统的细胞,已知可促进蛋白质质量控制过程。这些分子发挥着多种作用,并被认为在各种压力条件下发挥着重要的保护作用,包括组织损伤、感染和局部组织炎症。文章旨在总结目前已知的细胞外伴侣在神经元修复和再生中的功能,以及直接参与神经元损伤和修复过程的4种组成型分泌的细胞外分子转甲状腺素(transthyretin)、聚集素蛋白(clusterin)、α2-巨球蛋白(α2-macroglobulin)和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(neuroserpin)的参与情况,从而提出对细胞外伴侣进行深入研究可能会产生促进神经元修复和再生的新疗法。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-1280 (Sandeep Satapathy)

Abstract: Protein quality control involves many processes that jointly act to regulate the expression, localization, turnover, and degradation of proteins, and has been highlighted in recent studies as critical to the differentiation of stem cells during regeneration. The roles of constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones in neuronal injury and disease are poorly understood. Extracellular chaperones are multifunctional proteins expressed by many cell types, including those of the nervous system, known to facilitate protein quality control processes. These molecules exert pleiotropic effects and have been implicated as playing important protective roles in a variety of stress conditions, including tissue damage, infections, and local tissue inflammation. This article aims to provide a critical review of what is currently known about the functions of extracellular chaperones in neuronal repair and regeneration and highlight future directions for this important research area. We review what is known of four constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones directly implicated in processes of neuronal damage and repair, including transthyretin, clusterin, α2-macroglobulin, and neuroserpin, and propose that investigation into the effects of these and other extracellular chaperones on neuronal repair and regeneration has the potential to yield valuable new therapies. 

Key words: cell viability, clusterin, extracellular chaperones, inflammation, neuroserpin, protein misfolding, transthyretin, α2-macroglobulin