中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (9): 1861-1868.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.367838

• 综述:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 •    下一篇

间充质干细胞、细胞外囊泡及经颅磁刺激抑制脊髓损伤铁死亡的作用

  

  • 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-03-03
  • 基金资助:
    国家青年科学基金项目(81101462);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划立项项目(201602875);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划立项项目(2019-KF-01-06);辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金项目计划(201600301);中国医科大学临床医学高峰、骨干、培育学科支持计划(112-3110119071)

Mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and transcranial magnetic stimulation for ferroptosis after spinal cord injury

Qi-Feng Song, Qian Cui, Ya-Shi Wang, Li-Xin Zhang*   

  1. Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
  • Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-03-03
  • Contact: Li-Xin Zhang, PhD, uzhanglx@aliyun.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by a grant from funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Program), No. 81101462; Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, Nos. 201602875 and 2019-KF-01-06; Liaoning Provincial Public Welfare Science Foundation Project, No. 2016003001; University of China Medical University Discipline Development Project, No. 112-3110119071 (all to LXZ).

摘要:

脊髓损伤发病机制和病理变化复杂,目前治疗效果不理想。铁死亡是脊髓损伤后引起功能障碍的重要因素,现有的治疗方法尚未能阻断其发生。间充质干细胞、细胞外囊泡及经颅磁刺激具有通过抑制脊髓损伤后铁死亡来改善神经功能的潜力,具体机制可能包括重新激活铁死亡防御通路和/或抑制铁死亡发生的关键调控因子和/或抑制脊髓损伤后氧化还原反应等,具体主要涉及4条平行通路:(1)谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)-谷胱甘肽(GSH)系统;(2)铁死亡抑制蛋白1(FSP1)-泛醇(CoQH2)系统;(3)二氢乳清酸脱氢酶(DHODH)-CoQH2系统;(4)GTP环水解酶1(GCH1)-四氢生物蝶呤(BH4)系统。上述发现有望为脊髓损伤的临床治疗提供新的靶点及手段。然而,此领域尚无具有说服力的直接证据,仍迫切需要开展进一步实验来获得令人信服的结论。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1421-9612 (Li-Xin Zhang) 

Abstract: Spinal cord injury is characterized by different aetiologies, complex pathogenesis, and diverse pathological changes. Current treatments are not ideal, and prognosis is generally poor. After spinal cord injury, neurons die due to various forms of cell death. Among them, ferroptosis causes dysfunction after spinal cord injury, and no existing traditional treatments have been indicated to block its occurrence. Meanwhile, emerging therapies using mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy are promising for reversing spinal cord neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury. However, no definitive studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these approaches. This review summarizes the existing research on the mechanisms of ferroptosis; ferroptosis after spinal cord injury; treatment of spinal cord injury with mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and transcranial magnetic stimulation; and treatment of ferroptosis using mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Inhibiting ferroptosis can promote the reversal of neurological dysfunction after spinal cord injury. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and transcranial magnetic stimulation can reverse adverse outcomes of spinal cord injury and regulate ferroptosis-related factors. Thus, it can be inferred that mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have the potential to inhibit ferroptosis after spinal cord injury. This review serves as a reference for future research to confirm these conclusions.

Key words: exosomes, extracellular vesicles, ferroptosis, iron overload, lipid peroxidation, mesenchymal stem cells, miRNAs, spinal cord injury, stem cells, transcranial magnetic stimulation