中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 336-341.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.377587

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

早期生活压力的不利影响:关注啮齿动物的神经内分泌系统

  

  • 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2023-08-30
  • 基金资助:
    韩国政府资助的韩国国家研究基金会(NRF)基金(MSIT)和釜山国立大学研究基金(2020 年)资助

Adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system

Seung Hyun Lee, Eui-Man Jung*   

  1. Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
  • Online:2024-02-15 Published:2023-08-30
  • Contact: Eui-Man Jung, PhD, jungem@pusan.ac.kr.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1C1C100328611) and Pusan National University Research Grant, 2020 (both to EMJ).

摘要:

早期生活压力与诸如创伤后应激障碍、注意力缺陷/多动症、精神分裂症以及焦虑或抑郁行为的精神疾病的高发率有关。出生后大脑发育的早期阶段,突触发生、神经元成熟和胶质细胞分化等事件以高度协调的方式发生,而外部压力会对整个生命造成长期的不利影响。人类身体利用从多方面,包括神经内分泌和神经递质信号通路,来适当地处理外部压力。初次接触ELS的新生儿神经元可参与压力防御机制;然而,在成年后,早期生活压力会诱发成熟神经元的凋亡,激活免疫反应,减少神经营养因子,导致焦虑、抑郁、认知和记忆功能障碍。这一过程涉及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和中枢神经系统分泌的神经递质,包括去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺。啮齿动物ELS模型通常被用来实验评估神经发育过程中压力的影响。文章总结了早期生活压力啮齿动物模型的使用和身体的应激反应机制,并讨论了有关ELS如何在成年后精神障碍的高发期介导应激相关途径的实验结果。

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-402X (Eui-Man Jung)

Abstract: Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety or depressive behavior, which constitute major public health problems. In the early stages of brain development after birth, events such as synaptogenesis, neuron maturation, and glial differentiation occur in a highly orchestrated manner, and external stress can cause adverse long-term effects throughout life. Our body utilizes multifaceted mechanisms, including neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter signaling pathways, to appropriately process external stress. Newborn individuals first exposed to early-life stress deploy neurogenesis as a stress-defense mechanism; however, in adulthood, early-life stress induces apoptosis of mature neurons, activation of immune responses, and reduction of neurotrophic factors, leading to anxiety, depression, and cognitive and memory dysfunction. This process involves the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotransmitters secreted by the central nervous system, including norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. The rodent early-life stress model is generally used to experimentally assess the effects of stress during neurodevelopment. This paper reviews the use of the early-life stress model and stress response mechanisms of the body and discusses the experimental results regarding how early-life stress mediates stress-related pathways at a high vulnerability of psychiatric disorder in adulthood.

Key words: early-life stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenergic axis, maternal separation, mental illness, neurodevelopmental disorder, neuroendocrine system, neurotransmitter