中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 979-981.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.382235

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

利用人类患者来源的神经元研究帕金森病中的四方突触

  

  • 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2023-10-31

Focusing on the tetra-partite synapse in Parkinson’s disease research using human patient-derived neurons

Diogo Cordeiro, Tchelet Stern, Shani Stern*#br#   

  1. University of Haifa, Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Haifa, Israel
  • Online:2024-05-15 Published:2023-10-31
  • Contact: Shani Stern, PhD, sstern@univ.haifa.ac.il.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF grant 1994/21 and 3252/21) and Zuckerman (Zuckerman STEM leadership program) (to SS). 

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-7068 (Shani Stern)

Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) was first described as a neurological disease by Dr. James Parkinson in 1817 as a “shaking palsy”. Since that time, much more is known about the pathophysiology of PD yet the disease is still uncurable. The hallmark of the disease is often considered Lewy body neural inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta and other brain areas, although not all patients have these inclusions. The patients exhibit massive neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which is associated with the motor symptoms of tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease with a prevalence of around 1% of individuals over the age of 60. PD is a progressive and incurable disease with other non-motor symptoms, sometimes prodromal, such as depression, impaired olfaction, constipation, urinary dysfunction, decreased respiratory muscle strength, and more. Animal in vivo models have been widely used to study PD. However, their limitations include species differences and the inability to fully replicate human disease, especially the sporadic forms of the disease.  Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the potential to generate patient-specific neurons that can recapitulate disease-specific phenotypes. This approach enabled the discovery of some pathophysiological mechanisms, gene dysregulation, affected pathways, and electrophysiological differences in neurons of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders (Schafer et al., 2019; Stern et al., 2023).