中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 1165-1166.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.385863

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 •    下一篇

芯片上的神经血管单元:作为一种先进的体外模型的相关性和成熟度

  

  • 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2023-11-17

Neurovascular unit on a chip: the relevance and maturity as an advanced in vitro model

Sujey Palma-Florez, Anna Lagunas#, Mònica Mir*, #   

  1. Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain (Palma-Florez S, Lagunas A, Mir M) 
    CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (Lagunas A, Mir M) 
    Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Palma-Florez S, Mir M) 
  • Online:2024-06-15 Published:2023-11-17
  • Contact: Mònica Mir, PhD, mmir@ibecbarcelona.eu.
  • Supported by:
    This work was funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) through the project NEUR-ON-A-CHIP (RTI2018-097038-B-C21 and RTI2018-097038-B-C22) (to MM, AL) and the project UNIBBB (PDC2022-133918-C21) (to MM, AL). This work was supported by Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER), Spain (to MM, AL). CIBER is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&i Plan 2008–2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions, and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, with the support of the European Regional Development Fund. This work was funded by the CERCA Program and by the Commission for Universities and Research of the Department of Innovation, Universities, and Enterprise of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR 1079) (to MM, AL). SPF acknowledges support from the program for predoctoral contracts for the training of doctors of the State Training Subprogram for the Promotion of Talent and its Employability in R+D+I (PRE2019-088286) by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU).

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-8373 (Mònica Mir)

Abstract: The brain is a high-energy demanding organ, consuming around 20% of the metabolic energy generated. To fulfill this demand, cerebral blood flow (CBF) supplies oxygen and glucose continuously through the intricate network of cerebral blood vessels. Although for many years brain activity and blood flow were conceived as independent processes, MRI-based functional brain imaging demonstrated that there is a coupling between them, leading to the concept of the neurovascular unit (NVU) to reflect their interplay (Raichle and Mintun, 2006). The cerebrovascular system is far from being homogeneous throughout its structure; rather, each specific region of the brain presents multiple architectures. The NVU structure is divided into three main regions: cerebral arteries, including the middle cerebral artery. Middle cerebral artery gives rise to a second region, the pial arteries from the surface of the brain within the subarachnoid space. The endothelial cells (ECs) of pial arteries are covered by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and are separated by a collagenous elastic lamina. From pial arteries, a subset of arterioles penetrates deep into the brain (penetrating arterioles) through the perivascular space, which limits glial cells. The perivascular space allocates several cell types; perivascular macrophages, mato, pial and mast cells. In this region, most external penetrating arterioles preserve a thin layer of SMCs and innervation. As arterioles get deeper into the brain, they become thinner, glial membrane and vascular basement membrane fuse occluding the perivascular space, innervation and SMCs disappear, which is ultimately substituted by pericytes in the microvascular capillaries, going to a less contractile vascularization. The collagen-rich matrix of pial arteries and brain capillaries are more abundant in proteoglycans and regulatory factors.