中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 326-342.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01201

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

重复经颅磁刺激干预阿尔茨海默病:促进神经元和突触生长、发育、凋亡和细胞间交流的调控

  


  • 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2024-06-18

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease: effects on neural and synaptic rehabilitation

Yi Ji1, 2, Chaoyi Yang1, 2, Xuerui Pang1, 2, Yibing Yan1, 2, Yue Wu1 , Zhi Geng1, 2, Wenjie Hu1, 2, Panpan Hu1, 2, 3, *, Xingqi Wu1, 2, 3, *, Kai Wang1, 2, 4, 5, *   

  1. 1 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; 2 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; 3 Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; 4 Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; 5 Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
  • Online:2025-02-15 Published:2024-06-18
  • Contact: Kai Wang, PhD, MD, wangkai1964@126.com; Xingqi Wu, MD, wuxingqi09@163.com; Panpan Hu, MD, hpppanda9@126.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei Brain Project (to KW); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 31970979 (to KW), 82101498 (to XW); and the STI2030-Major Projects, No. 2021ZD0201800 (to PH).

摘要:

阿尔茨海默病是一种神经退行性疾病,存在突触传递和平衡失调问题。阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑往往过度兴奋和不同步,导致神经变性,最终影响日常生活活动能力,使患者丧失工作能力。重复经颅磁刺激是一种经济有效的神经调节技术,可用于多种神经系统疾病。在过去二十年中,它已被广泛用于预测认知功能衰退、确定病理生理标记、促进神经可塑性以及评估大脑兴奋性、可塑性和连接性。它还被应用于痴呆患者,因为它可以对认知产生改善作用,并在神经系统损伤后促进大脑恢复。然而,由于研究数量有限,其在分子和突触水平上的治疗效果尚未得到阐明。此综述首先概述了重复经颅磁刺激在改善Aβ沉积中的作用。然后,重点讨论了重复经颅磁刺激对神经元细胞及突触生长、发育、凋亡和细胞间交流的调控效果,分析了重复经颅磁刺激对突触结构和功能可塑性的影响及可能机制,最后总结了重复经颅磁刺激对认知改善的临床作用。了解重复经颅磁刺激对神经系统的作用将有助于为神经退行性疾病的早期治疗提供思路。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-914X (Kai Wang); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0646-1353 (Xingqi Wu); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-2739 (Panpan Hu)

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from deficits in synaptic transmission and homeostasis. The Alzheimer’s disease brain tends to be hyperexcitable and hypersynchronized, thereby causing neurodegeneration and ultimately disrupting the operational abilities in daily life, leaving patients incapacitated. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a cost-effective, neuro-modulatory technique used for multiple neurological conditions. Over the past two decades, it has been widely used to predict cognitive decline; identify pathophysiological markers; promote neuroplasticity; and assess brain excitability, plasticity, and connectivity. It has also been applied to patients with dementia, because it can yield facilitatory effects on cognition and promote brain recovery after a neurological insult. However, its therapeutic effectiveness at the molecular and synaptic levels has not been elucidated because of a limited number of studies. This study aimed to characterize the neurobiological changes following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment, evaluate its effects on synaptic plasticity, and identify the associated mechanisms. This review essentially focuses on changes in the pathology, amyloidogenesis, and clearance pathways, given that amyloid deposition is a major hypothesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Apoptotic mechanisms associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation procedures and different pathways mediating gene transcription, which are closely related to the neural regeneration process, are also highlighted. Finally, we discuss the outcomes of animal studies in which neuroplasticity is modulated and assessed at the structural and functional levels by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, with the aim to highlight future directions for better clinical translations.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid deposition, apoptotic mechanisms, biomarker, neural regeneration, neurodegeneration, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, synaptic plasticity