中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 454-463.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-02044

• 综述:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

小胶质细胞:脊髓损伤的一个有前景的治疗靶点

  

  • 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2024-06-18

Microglia: a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

Xiaowei Zha1, Guoli Zheng1, Thomas Skutella2, Karl Kiening1, Andreas Unterberg1, Alexander Younsi1, *   

  1. 1Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; 2Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  • Online:2025-02-15 Published:2024-06-18
  • Contact: Alexander Younsi, MD, PhD, alexander.younsi@med.uni-heidelberg.de.

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-9243 (Alexander Younsi)

Abstract: Microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair, nutrition, phagocytosis, immunological regulation, and maintaining neuronal function. In a healthy spinal cord, microglia are accountable for immune surveillance, however, when a spinal cord injury occurs, the microenvironment drastically changes, leading to glial scars and failed axonal regeneration. In this context, microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation, and proliferation in reaction to the injury, influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably. A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia, which interact directly with neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neural stem/progenitor cells. Despite a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin, the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive research. This review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis, physiological function, and pathological state, highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury, and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

Key words: astrocytes, cytokines, functional recovery, immune regulation, M1/M2 activation, macrophages, microglia, neuroinflammation, spinal cord injury, therapy