中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (8): 2133-2152.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00191

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 •    下一篇

主要促进因子超家族成员2A与血脑屏障的互作

  

  • 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2024-12-11

Interaction of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A with the blood–brain barrier

Yilun Ma1 , Taiwei Dong1, *, Fei Luan1 , Juanjuan Yang2 , Feng Miao1, *, Peifeng Wei2, *   

  1. 1 College of Pharmacy and First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China;  2 National Drug Clinical Trial Agency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine/Xixian New District Central Hospital, Xi′an, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Online:2025-08-15 Published:2024-12-11
  • Contact: Taiwei Dong, PhD, dongtaiwei2023@163.com; Feng Miao, MS, miaofeng2304@163.com; Peifeng Wei, PhD, weipeifeng@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82104412 (to TD); Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Program, No. 2023- YBSF-165 (to TD); the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Department of Science and Technology, No. 2018JM7022 (to FM); Shaanxi Provincial Key Industry Chain Project, No. 2021ZDLSF04-11 (to PW).

摘要:

血脑屏障的功能和结构完整性对于维持脑微环境的稳态至关重要。尽管如此,血脑屏障的形成和功能背后的分子机制仍然不甚明了。最新的研究显示,血脑屏障的功能障碍可能是多种神经系统疾病进展的先兆或加速因素。主要促进因子超家族成员2A已被确定为血脑屏障功能的关键调控因子。它在促进和维持血脑屏障的形成和功能稳定性,以及跨血脑屏障转运脂质(如二十二碳六烯酸)方面发挥着关键作用。越来越多的研究揭示了血脑屏障损伤的分子机制与主要促进因子超家族成员2A在多种神经系统疾病中的关联。因此,文章对主要促进因子超家族成员2A蛋白与血脑屏障之间的密切联系进行了全面而系统的综述。该内容涵盖主要促进因子超家族成员2A的基本结构和功能,主要促进因子超家族成员2A与血脑屏障的交联,以及主要促进因子超家族成员2A在脂质转运和血脑屏障通透性调控方面研究的深入讨论。这一全面系统的综述有助于深入了解主要促进因子超家族成员2A蛋白在维持血脑屏障结构和功能方面的重要作用及其研究进展。这不仅有助于解析神经系统疾病的发病机制,提高实验室诊断的准确性,优化临床治疗策略,还可能在预后监测等方面发挥重要作用。此外,由于血脑屏障的限制性,许多神经系统疾病的治疗药物难以有效传递至大脑,而主要促进因子超家族成员2A在促进药物穿透血脑屏障方面的研究为开发新的治疗策略提供了理论基础。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6242-8872 (Taiwei Dong); https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2142-862X (Feng Miao);

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2912-2269 (Peifeng Wei)

Abstract: The functional and structural integrity of the blood–brain barrier is crucial in maintaining homeostasis in the brain microenvironment; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and function of the blood–brain barrier remain poorly understood. The major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A has been identified as a key regulator of blood–brain barrier function. It plays a critical role in promoting and maintaining the formation and functional stability of the blood–brain barrier, in addition to the transport of lipids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, across the blood–brain barrier. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have suggested that major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A is involved in the molecular mechanisms of blood– brain barrier dysfunction in a variety of neurological diseases; however, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A affects the blood–brain barrier. This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the close relationship between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins and the blood–brain barrier, including their basic structures and functions, cross-linking between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A and the blood– brain barrier, and the in-depth studies on lipid transport and the regulation of blood–brain barrier permeability. This comprehensive systematic review contributes to an in-depth understanding of the important role of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins in maintaining the structure and function of the blood–brain barrier and the research progress to date. This will not only help to elucidate the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, improve the accuracy of laboratory diagnosis, and optimize clinical treatment strategies, but it may also play an important role in prognostic monitoring. In addition, the effects of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A on blood–brain barrier leakage in various diseases and the research progress on cross-blood–brain barrier drug delivery are summarized. This review may contribute to the development of new approaches for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Key words: blood–brain barrier (BBB), caveolin-1, central nervous system, docosahexaenoic acid, endothelial cells, lysophosphatidylcholine, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A (MFSD2A), transcytosis