中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (8): 2395-2407.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01631

• 原著:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

嗅鞘胶质细胞在视网膜损伤后小胶质细胞抑制治疗中不同反应取决于移植的类型:一把双刃剑

  

  • 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2024-12-14

Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia: a double-edged sword

María Norte-Muñoz1 , María Portela-Lomba2, †, Paloma Sobrado-Calvo1 , Diana Simón2 , Johnny Di Pierdomenico1 , Alejandro Gallego-Ortega1 , Mar Pérez3 , José M. Cabrera-Maqueda1, 4, Javier Sierra5 , Manuel Vidal-Sanz1 , María Teresa Moreno-Flores3, *, Marta Agudo-Barriuso1, *   

  1. 1 Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain;  2 Experimental Sciences Faculty, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain;  3 Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience Department, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;  4 Center of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;  5 Medicine Faculty, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain  †Current address: María Portela-Lomba, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
  • Online:2025-08-15 Published:2024-12-14
  • Contact: María Teresa Moreno-Flores, PhD, mteresa.moreno@uam.es; Marta Agudo-Barriuso, PhD, martabar@um.es.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, No. PID2019-106498GB-I00 (to MVS); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional “Una manera de hacer Europa”, No. PI19/00071 (to MAB); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Project, No. SAF2017- 82736-C2-1-R (to MTMF) in Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; and Fundación Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (to JS).

摘要:

嗅鞘胶质细胞可促进哺乳动物中枢神经系统的轴突再生,包括视网膜神经节细胞轴突在受伤视神经中的生长。然而,嗅鞘胶质细胞是否还具有神经保护特性尚不清楚。嗅鞘胶质细胞表达脑源性神经营养因子,而脑源性神经营养因子是轴突化视网膜神经节细胞的最佳神经保护剂之一。因此,实验的目的是在大鼠视神经损伤模型--视神经挤压中研究玻璃体内给药嗅鞘胶质细胞的神经保护能力。在注射或不注射小胶质细胞抑制剂或免疫抑制剂的情况下,实验将大鼠永生克隆细胞系 TEG3 的嗅鞘胶质细胞玻璃体内注射的到完整和轴突切除的视网膜中,进行同基因和同种异体移植。源于嗅球的原代嗅鞘胶质细胞和 TEG3 表达 MHCII 分子。同基因和同种异体移植的TEG3细胞在玻璃体内存活长达21天,并形成一层外膜。在轴切断的视网膜中,只有同种异体移植的TEG3细胞在7天后能挽救视网膜神经节细胞,21天后则不能。在完整视网膜中,同基因和同种异体移植的嗅鞘胶质细胞移植都激活了小胶质细胞,并在21天时导致视网膜神经节细胞死亡,其在同种异体移植后更高,由细胞焦亡引发,并通过抑制小胶质细胞或免疫抑制得到部分挽救。然而,轴突化视网膜神经节细胞的神经保护并没有因为这些治疗而得到改善。嗅鞘胶质细胞在视网膜中不同的神经保护特性、不同的毒性作用和对小胶质细胞抑制治疗的不同反应取决于移植的类型,这凸显了进行彻底的临床前研究以探索这些变量的重要性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8494-8143 (María Teresa Moreno-Flores); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8566-9277 (Marta Agudo-Barriuso)

Abstract: Olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system, including retinal ganglion cell axonal growth through the injured optic nerve. Still, it is unknown whether olfactory ensheathing glia also have neuroprotective properties. Olfactory ensheathing glia express brain-derived neurotrophic factor, one of the best neuroprotectants for axotomized retinal ganglion cells. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective capacity of olfactory ensheating glia after optic nerve crush. Olfactory ensheathing glia cells from an established rat immortalized clonal cell line, TEG3, were intravitreally injected in intact and axotomized retinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or without microglial inhibition or immunosuppressive treatments. Anatomical and gene expression analyses were performed. Olfactory bulb-derived primary olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Allogeneically and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days, forming an epimembrane. In axotomized retinas, only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 days. In these retinas, microglial anatomical activation was higher than after optic nerve crush alone. In intact retinas, both transplants activated microglial cells and caused retinal ganglion cell death at 21 days, a loss that was higher after allotransplantation, triggered by pyroptosis and partially rescued by microglial inhibition or immunosuppression. However, neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells did not improve with these treatments. The different neuroprotective properties, different toxic effects, and different responses to microglial inhibitory treatments of olfactory ensheathing glia in the retina depending on the type of transplant highlight the importance of thorough preclinical studies to explore these variables.

Key words: cell therapy,  immune recognition,  major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII),  neuroprotection,  olfactory ensheathing glia, retinal ganglion cells