中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (10): 2823-2837.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00539

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

阿尔茨海默病的超声调控

  

  • 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-02-07

Ultrasound technology in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Qiuquan Cai1, #, Lianghui Meng1, #, Meina Quan2 , Ling Wang1, 3, 4, Jing Ren1 , Chenguang Zheng1, 3, 4, Jiajia Yang1, 3, 4, *, Dong Ming1, 3, 4, *   

  1. 1 Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China;  2 Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;  3 Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Fusion Haihe Laboratory, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China;  4 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
  • Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-02-07
  • Contact: Jiajia Yang, PhD, jiajia.yang@tju.edu.cn; Dong Ming, PhD, richardming@tju.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82371886 (to JY), 81925020 (to DM), 82202797 (to LW), and 82271218 (to CZ).

摘要:

阿尔茨海默病是一种常见的神经退行性疾病。当前,针对阿尔茨海默病的治疗主要包括药物治疗和物理治疗。近年来,超声作为一种新兴的物理疗法受到了广泛关注,其具有非侵入性、穿透力强和空间分辨率高等优势。目前,超声,超声联合微泡,超声联合药物和磁共振成像引导聚焦超声治疗阿尔茨海默病已开展了部分研究。但以上多种超声方法作用机制的差异性及其适用情形尚未明确。尤其是2018年以来,上述疗法逐步由啮齿类动物转向人体研究,系统性的归纳总结对阿尔茨海默病的临床应用具有重要意义。文章详细论述了超声、超声联合微泡或药物,以及磁共振成像引导的聚焦超声治疗调控阿尔茨海默病的作用机制。这些超声疗法都可以通过打开血脑屏障,减少阿尔茨海默病斑块/缠结等机制缓解阿尔茨海默病。此外,单独使用超声治疗可能会通过增加脑血流量、免疫反应和减缓端粒缩短等机制缓解阿尔茨海默病。超声联合微泡治疗可能通过增强免疫反应、恢复突触可塑性、增强自噬、调节葡萄糖代谢和细胞周期等机制治疗阿尔茨海默病。超声联合药物治疗可能通过增强神经元再生、免疫反应、神经胶质细胞吞噬和激活胆碱能系统等机制治疗阿尔茨海默病。最后,总结了各种超声方法在不同情境下的优势及局限性,归纳了超声在阿尔茨海默病治疗中的里程碑事件,并展望了未来超声技术在阿尔茨海默病治疗中的发展方向和应用前景,为超声技术治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床应用提供了理论基础。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5439-7136 (Jiajia Yang); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-2538 (Dong Ming)

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder defined by decreased reasoning abilities, memory loss, and cognitive deterioration. The presence of the blood–brain barrier presents a major obstacle to the development of effective drug therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. The use of ultrasound as a novel physical modulation approach has garnered widespread attention in recent years. As a safe and feasible therapeutic and drug-delivery method, ultrasound has shown promise in improving cognitive deficits. This article provides a summary of the application of ultrasound technology for treating Alzheimer’s disease over the past 5 years, including standalone ultrasound treatment, ultrasound combined with microbubbles or drug therapy, and magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound therapy. Emphasis is placed on the benefits of introducing these treatment methods and their potential mechanisms. We found that several ultrasound methods can open the blood–brain barrier and effectively alleviate amyloid-β plaque deposition. We believe that ultrasound is an effective therapy for Alzheimer’s disease, and this review provides a theoretical basis for future ultrasound treatment methods. Key Words: Alzheimer’s disease; blood–brain barrier; drugs; magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound; microbubbles; scanning ultrasound; ultrasound; ultrasound stimulation

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease,  blood–brain barrier,  drugs,  magnetic resonance imaging– guided focused ultrasound,  microbubbles,  scanning ultrasound,  ultrasound,  ultrasound stimulation