中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (10): 1958-1964.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.308070

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

阿尔茨海默氏病:两种疾病的故事?

  

  • 出版日期:2021-10-15 发布日期:2021-03-18

Alzheimer’s disease: a tale of two diseases?

Eleonora Nardini1, #, Ryan Hogan2, #, Anthony Flamier1, #, Gilbert Bernier2, 3, *   

  1. 1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada; 3Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  • Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-03-18
  • Contact: Gilbert Bernier, PhD, gbernier.hmr@ssss.gouv.qc.ca.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by grants from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) (to GB), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (to GB), Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Foundation and Fondation de la Famille Pierre Theroux (to GB). RH is supported by a fellowship from the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Foundation. AF is supported by post-doctoral fellowship from the Jane Coffin Childs Fund.

摘要:

Neural Regen Res: 如何区分散发性迟发性阿尔茨海默病和家族性早发性阿尔茨海默病?

散发性迟发性阿尔茨海默病(SLOAD)和家族性早发性阿尔茨海默病(FEOAD)与APPPSEN1PSEN2的显性突变相关,被认为是基于几乎相同的行为和组织病理学特征的同一疾病谱。因此,在过去的几十年中,FEOAD转基因小鼠模型被用作研究SLOAD致病机制的替代物,并作为临床试验中验证药物的金标准。不幸的是,这类研究在针对疾病发展和进展的治疗方面几乎没有什么成果。

    来自加拿大蒙特利尔大学神经科学系的Gilbert Bernier通过Bmi1+/-小鼠模型的棱镜和SLOADFEOAD大脑之间观察到的不同染色质特征,来质疑一种被广泛接受的观点。展望未来,重要的是收集更可靠的数据支持BMI1缺乏和染色质异常,作为区分FEOADSLOAD的一个因素。这些表型已经被强调,尽管在非常小的样本规模的研究。这些观察结果具有启发性,因为在Bmi1+/-小鼠模型中,这些病理先于其他AD相关表型。也许在SLOAD的淀粉样蛋白和Tau病变之前还有其他染色质或基因表达异常。此外,BMI1缺乏是否存在于FEOAD-iPSC衍生的神经元中,如SLOAD-iPSC衍生神经元的情况,仍有待证实。然而,考虑到目前的AD小鼠模型,Bmi1+/-模型有显著的优势。它从很小的时候就表现出染色质异常,而更严重的AD相关的病变发展得要晚得多(例如β42积累、τ病变和神经元丢失等),而且它不依赖于过度表达的FEOAD相关人类基因,而这些基因被怀疑会诱发许多非特异性异常。因此,将FEOADSLOAD相互区分开来,对于继续研究和药物开发至关重要。

文章《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志202110  10 期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9649-6538 (Gilbert Bernier)

Abstract: Sporadic late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (SLOAD) and familial early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (FEOAD) associated with dominant mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2, are thought to represent a spectrum of the same disorder based on near identical behavioral and histopathological features. Hence, FEOAD transgenic mouse models have been used in past decades as a surrogate to study SLOAD pathogenic mechanisms and as the gold standard to validate drugs used in clinical trials. Unfortunately, such research has yielded little output in terms of therapeutics targeting the disease’s development and progression. In this short review, we interrogate the widely accepted view of one, dimorphic disease through the prism of the Bmi1+/– mouse model and the distinct chromatin signatures observed between SLOAD and FEOAD brains.

Key words: aging, Alzheimer’s disease, BMI1, epigenetics, familial, late-onset, sporadic