中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (10): 1978-1984.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.308073

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

婴儿发作性脊髓性肌萎缩症中选择性神经肌肉功能障碍的新兴概念

  

  • 出版日期:2021-10-15 发布日期:2021-03-19

Emerging concepts underlying selective neuromuscular dysfunction in infantile-onset spinal muscular atrophy

Kishore Gollapalli1, 3, #, Jeong-Ki Kim1, 3, #, Umrao R. Monani1, 2, 3, *   

  1. 1Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; 3Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
  • Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-03-19
  • Contact: Umrao R. Monani, PhD, um2105@columbia.edu.
  • Supported by:
    Research on SMA in the Monani lab is funded by NIH (R21 NS099921, R01 NS104218) Cure SMA and Roche Inc (to URM).

摘要:

Neural Regen Res: 脊髓性肌萎缩症的新分子和细胞机制证据

   婴儿发作性脊髓性肌萎缩症是一种以神经退行性表型为主疾病的典型例子,这种疾病的发生是由于管家蛋白的紊乱引起的。由于运动神经元存活率低,脊髓性肌萎缩症主要表现为低运动神经元疾病。为什么会这样,以及其他细胞类型是否对典型的脊髓性肌萎缩症表型有贡献,仍然是一个激烈的研究课题,直到现在才得到重视。然而,正在出现的情况有时既令人费解,也很有启发性,主张对最近的研究结果进行仔细的重新检查,对该领域的既定教条提出质疑,并使人们更加关注温和的脊髓性肌萎缩症模型,作为识别导致选择性神经肌肉功能障碍的关键机制的工具疾病。

    来自美国哥伦比亚大学医学中心的Umrao R. Monani团队认为虽然使运动神经元存活作为脊髓性肌萎缩的治疗方法值得欢呼,但无论如何,它并不是万能药。尽早治疗是最好的,但其持久性可能不如预期,将一种致命的疾病转变为慢性疾病。在正常情况下,对可能下调这些功能的机制进行的平行研究可以为有症状的个体提供促进功能恢复的方法。作者主张在轻度脊髓性肌萎缩模型中进行这些研究,其中疾病主要由运动单位的功能障碍驱动,认为这类研究可以很快地具有广泛的相关性,不仅可以为脊髓性肌萎缩的生物学和治疗提供信息,而且可以为其他神经退行性疾病提供信息。

文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志202110 10 期发表

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-2483 (Umrao R. Monani) 

Abstract: Infantile-onset spinal muscular atrophy is the quintessential example of a disorder characterized by a predominantly neurodegenerative phenotype that nevertheless stems from perturbations in a housekeeping protein. Resulting from low levels of the Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) protein, spinal muscular atrophy manifests mainly as a lower motor neuron disease. Why this is so and whether other cell types contribute to the classic spinal muscular atrophy phenotype continue to be the subject of intense investigation and are only now gaining appreciation. Yet, what is emerging is sometimes as puzzling as it is instructive, arguing for a careful re-examination of recent study outcomes, raising questions about established dogma in the field and making the case for a greater focus on milder spinal muscular atrophy models as tools to identify key mechanisms driving selective neuromuscular dysfunction in the disease. This review examines the evidence for novel molecular and cellular mechanisms that have recently been implicated in spinal muscular atrophy, highlights breakthroughs, points out caveats and poses questions that ought to serve as the basis of new investigations to better understand and treat this and other more common neurodegenerative disorders. 

Key words: motor neuron, neurodegeneration, neuromuscular, spinal muscular atrophy, splicing