中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (11): 2206-2208.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.310677

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

糖尿病性脑卒中中性粒细胞:一种新兴的治疗策略

  

  • 出版日期:2021-11-15 发布日期:2021-04-13

Neutrophil in diabetic stroke: emerging therapeutic strategies

Rashmi Kumari*, Kusum Sinha   

  1. Department of Neural & Behavioral sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA (Kumari R)
    Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA (Sinha K)
  • Online:2021-11-15 Published:2021-04-13
  • Contact: Rashmi Kumari, PhD, rkumari@pennstatehealth.psu.edu.
  • Supported by:
    We would like to thank Dr. Shyama Patel for helping in immunohistochemistry.

摘要:

Neural Regen Res:中性粒细胞:治疗糖尿病性脑卒中的新兴力量

缺血后炎症是一个协调的过程,可持续数小时至数天,并且涉及炎症细胞从血液募集到脑内皮细胞。近来,在实验和临床条件下,白血球在内皮特别是中性粒细胞上的粘附及其在脑卒中后神经元损伤中的作用已被广泛探索和报道。但是,它在脑卒中后糖尿病患者中的作用仍然难以捉摸。

来自宾夕法尼亚州立大学的 Kusum Sinha 及其团队发现:与没有糖尿病的患者相比,嗜中性粒细胞的早期增加在引发更大的卒中和降低临床预后方面起着重要作用。缺血性脑卒中后,中性粒细胞被募集到缺血性脑中,并在缺氧缺血(HI)后通过脑血管、脉络丛和蛛网膜下腔进入大脑。在所有其他免疫细胞中,嗜中性白细胞是第一个出现在大脑中的,并持续表达7天;其次是T及B淋巴细胞等。这些中性粒细胞在血管中释放基质金属蛋白酶MMP)和其他蛋白酶来破坏血脑屏障(BBB),并在中性粒细胞穿透脑实质时引发继发性损害。此前研究已发现梗死面积分级时MMP-9增加,并且MMP-9与中性粒细胞之间存在直接关系,这证实了中性粒细胞介导脑卒中损伤。Kusum Sinha团队认为中性粒细胞介导脑卒中后神经元损伤,并在糖尿病患者的脑卒中恢复中起重要作用。然而,在脑卒中早期平衡中性粒细胞数量并在脑卒中晚期促进中性粒细胞的抗炎N2表型具有挑战性,尝试在脑卒中的第一阶段诱导促炎性中性粒细胞凋亡的策略也许可行。基于以往研究的基础上,研究者提出了四个可能的预临床目标:(1)控制过量的嗜中性白细胞浸润进入大脑;(2)中和氧化应激;(3)抑制NETosis;(4)平衡现有中性粒细胞亚型。这些都是未来新疗法开发中需要着重考虑的,并且有望在糖尿病性脑卒中后修复神经元。

 

文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志20211111期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7013-7040 (Rashmi Kumari)

Abstract: Post-ischemic inflammation is a coordinated process, which lasts from hours to days and involves recruitment of inflammatory cells from blood to the brain endothelial cells. Recently, the adhesion of leukocytes at endothelium, especially neutrophils, and its implication in post-stroke neuronal injury have been extensively explored and reported in both experimental and clinical  settings (Jian et al., 2019). However its role in diabetic patients following stroke is still elusive. Some significant differences such as risk factors, stroke subtypes and clinical outcomes are different between diabetic and non-diabetic. The higher prevalence of lacunar stroke, higher frequency of hypertension and lower neurological deficit at admission were reported earlier in diabetic patients. We found that early increase of neutrophils plays a prominent role in instigating a larger stroke size and worse clinical outcomes as compared to patients that do not have diabetes. After ischemic stroke, neutrophils are recruited to ischemic brain and can enter into the brain following hypoxia-ischemia (HI) through cerebral vessels, choroid plexus, and subarachnoid space. Figure 1A shows the various routes of entry of neutrophils in the db/db mouse brain 24 hours post stroke. Among all  immune cells, neutrophils  are  the first one to appear in the brain at day 1 post HI and remain until 7 days in the perilesional space, and subsequently other cells such as T & B lymphocytes  migrate to the lesion (Chu et al., 2014). These neutrophils remain in the vessel, release matrix metalloproteases and other proteases to damage the blood-brain barrier and the secondary damage starts, when neutrophils penetrate the brain parenchyma (Jickling et al., 2015) Previously, we have seen an increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 with graded infarct size and a direct relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and neutrophils, which confirms the role of neutrophils mediating stroke injury (Kumari et al., 2020).