中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 283-291.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.317961

• 综述:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

深入研究脊髓损伤管理的最新进展:近期进展回顾

  

  • 出版日期:2022-02-15 发布日期:2021-10-08

Delving into the recent advancements of spinal cord injury treatment: a review of recent progress

Joseph A. Flack1, #, Krishna Deo Sharma2, #, Jennifer Yanhua Xie1, *   

  1. 1Department of Basic Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA; 2Department of Biological Sciences and Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
  • Online:2022-02-15 Published:2021-10-08
  • Contact: Jennifer Yanhua Xie, PhD, Jennifer.xie@nyit.edu.

摘要: Neural Regen Res:脊髓损伤治疗和管理的更有效模式
脊髓损伤干细胞移植的研究始于大约50年前,最近开始了临床试验。不同类型的细胞通过移植修复脊髓损伤的能力已经被研究过。脊髓损伤移植中研究最广泛的细胞类型是神经干细胞和祖细胞、少突胶质祖细胞、间充质干细胞、雪旺细胞和嗅鞘细胞。少突胶质祖细胞是中枢神经系统中形成髓鞘的细胞。雪旺细胞是周围神经的髓鞘细胞。大量动物研究表明,所有这些细胞类型都是细胞治疗的可行候选,通过神经保护、轴突出芽和/或再生、免疫调节和髓鞘再生等多种机制介导脊髓损伤的功能改善。最新研究表明在脊髓损伤中,由于脊髓损伤部位的不良微环境,仅移植干细胞不足以促进损伤神经的再生。细胞外环境在控制细胞行为,包括细胞生长和分化方面起着重要作用。移植细胞能在合适的细胞外环境中存活并分化成所需的细胞类型。许多类型的支架,如胶原蛋白、层粘连蛋白、纤维连接蛋白或人工生物材料,已在移植实验中进行了研究。将N-钙粘蛋白修饰的胶原支架、原代神经干细胞和基质凝胶的混合物、胶原/丝素3D支架以及神经干细胞移植到完全横断的大鼠脊髓中,在啮齿类动物脊髓损伤后显示出类似的结果。
来自美国阿肯色州立大学的Jennifer Yanhua Xie团队认为了解不同干细胞的信号激活途径对于脊髓损伤的治疗是有益的,例如,巨噬细胞移动抑制因子及其结合体HTRA1不仅能减少嗅神经的巨噬细胞数量,而且能促进嗅鞘细胞吞噬神经碎片。迁移抑制因子抑制HTRA1影响嗅鞘细胞的迁移和增殖。另一个潜在的研究领域是将不同的治疗方法结合起来,看看是否比单一的治疗方法更有效。甲基强的松龙联合Rho-Rock抑制剂治疗脊髓损伤可能比单纯使用Rho-Rock抑制剂更有效。体外小体结合人工支架可用于脊髓损伤治疗的潜在传递系统。电刺激脊髓可结合多种干细胞疗法,促进移植细胞与宿主细胞之间的整合,有力促进功能恢复。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年2 月 2 期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3940-2766 (Jennifer Yanhua Xie) 

Abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) research is a very complex field lending to why reviews of SCI literatures can be beneficial to current and future researchers. This review focuses on recent articles regarding potential modalities for the treatment and management of SCI. The modalities were broken down into four categories: neuroprotection-pharmacologic, neuroprotection-non-pharmacologic, neuroregeneration-pharmacologic, neuroregeneration-non-pharmacologic. Peer-reviewed articles were found using PubMed with search terms: “spinal cord injury”, “spinal cord injury neuroregeneration”, “olfactory ensheathing cells spinal cord injury”, “rho-rock inhibitors spinal cord injury”, “neural stem cell”, “scaffold”, “neural stem cell transplantation”, “exosomes and SCI”, “epidural stimulation SCI”, “brain-computer interfaces and SCI”. Most recent articles spanning two years were chosen for their relevance to the categories of SCI management and treatment. There has been a plethora of pre-clinical studies completed with their results being difficult to replicate in clinical studies. Therefore, scientists should focus on understanding and applying the results of previous research to develop more efficacious preclinical studies and clinical trials. 

Key words: brain-computer interface, epidural stimulation, exosomes, neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, scaffolds, spinal cord injury management, stem cells, transplantation