中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (5): 989-990.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.324832

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

轴突再生:膜扩张和脂质组学

  

  • 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2021-11-08

Axon regeneration: membrane expansion and lipidomics

Sean Meehan, Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya*   

  1. Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
  • Online:2022-05-15 Published:2021-11-08
  • Contact: Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya, PhD, sbhattacharya@med.miami.edu.

摘要: Neural Regen Res:脂质组学是研究神经再生的新手段
轴突再生需要蛋白质合成和膜扩张。Nissl 染色发现颗粒物质存在于神经元的核周而不是轴突中。这是神经元的特征之一,现在知道Nissl 染色可以检测颗粒材料的 RNA 含量。虽然轴突中不存在 Nissl 颗粒,但 mRNA 可以穿越到远端轴突进行局部蛋白质合成。轴突蛋白合成仅占一小部分,大部分发生在核周。所需的膜扩张和蛋白质合成机制仍然存在于成人中枢神经系统 轴突中。
来自美国迈阿密大学米勒医学院的Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya团队认为,可以使用成像质谱法评估组织脂质分布的各个方面,其利用固定的组织切片和基质辅助激光解吸/电离创建脂质强度图像。该技术已被用于评估视神经挤压伤和脑外伤后的病变部位。脂质组学与转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学相结合,可以帮助确定可能对成人神经元再生至关重要的通路的优先顺序。这些通路和已经建立的再生因子的组合策略有利于开发新治疗方法。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年 5月5 期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3759-647X (Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya)

Abstract: Axon regeneration requires protein synthesis and membrane expansion. The presence of granular material was discovered in the perikaryon of neurons but not axons using Nissl staining (Gomes, 2019). This is one of the characteristic features of neurons and we now know that RNA content of the granular material stains with Nissl stain. Although no Nissl granules are present in axons, mRNA can be shuttled to distal axons for local protein synthesis. Axonal protein synthesis only makes up a small portion as the majority occurs in the perikaryon. The required membrane expansion and protein synthesis machinery are still present in the adult central nervous system (CNS) axon. It is conceivable that regeneration of severed or dysfunctional axons, such as those present after traumatic optic nerve or spinal cord injury and due to elevated intraocular pressure in glaucoma, occurs with possible membrane sealing, growth cone formation, and membrane expansion (Meehan et al., 2021). Axon sealing after injury as well as growth are likely to be mediated by membrane expansion (Pfenninger et al., 2003). The majority of membrane biogenesis and de novo lipid synthesis occurs in the neuron’s perikaryon. Vesicles are formed through the native secretory pathway and subsequently transported anterogradely to the distal axon for insertion. Vesicles can be seen accumulating at the growth cone’s transitional zone, likely waiting for a regulatory signal to begin membrane fusion.