中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (5): 1007-1008.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.324839

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

肠脑轴在创伤性脑损伤中:对神经炎症的影响

  

  • 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2021-11-08

Gut-brain axis in traumatic brain injury: impact on neuroinflammation

Marta Celorrio, Stuart H. Friess*   

  1. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
  • Online:2022-05-15 Published:2021-11-08
  • Contact: Stuart H. Friess, MD, friess@wustl.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by NIH R01-NS097721.

摘要: Neural Regen Res:肠道菌群可能影响小胶质细胞的成熟及稳态
鉴于肠道微生物群对健康的影响,有越来越多的文献描述了肠道微生物群对大脑和行为的影响。肠道-大脑轴的双向性涉及神经学、免疫学和激素机制,可以诱发肠道或大脑平衡的紊乱。使用不同但互补的方法,如无菌小鼠、抗生素、益生菌、胃肠道感染和粪便微生物群移植的研究表明,通过肠脑轴作用的肠道微生物群有助于调节大脑和行为,影响抑郁症、压力和认知。此外,肠道微生物群的破坏与神经退行性疾病有关,如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病,并与卒中的疾病严重程度有关。
来自美国华盛顿大学圣路易斯医学院的Stuart H. Friess团队认为,细菌代谢产物,尤其是短链脂肪酸,现已被证实能够逆转肠道菌群失调诱导的小胶质细胞功能障碍的进展。此外,在创伤性脑损伤前后补充可溶性短链脂肪酸可增强小鼠的空间学习能力。然而,对于这些介质是如何克服血脑屏障以及如何避免被稀释的,目前尚无定论。最新研究发现,脑驻留CD4+T细胞在小胶质细胞成熟过程中至关重要,其缺失可导致小胶质细胞异常突触修剪和功能障碍。此外,由激活循环T细胞产生的脑驻留T细胞会受到肠道菌群的影响,由此可推断肠道菌群可能会对小胶质细胞的成熟及稳态产生影响。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年 5月 5期发表。

Abstract: The gastrointestinal track is inhabited by tens of trillions of microorganisms. The gut microbiota is involved in gut motility, nutrient absorption and synthesis of metabolites that influence homeostasis, metabolism and immune function. Given the influence gut microbiota has on health, there is a growing body of literature describing the gut microbiota’s impact on brain and behavior. The bidirectional nature of the gut-brain axis involves neurological, immunological and hormonal mechanisms that can induce perturbations in gut or brain homeostasis. Studies using different but complementary approaches, such as germ free mice, antibiotics, probiotics, gastrointestinal infection, and fecal microbiota transplant, have shown that the gut microbiota acting via the gut-brain axis contribute to the regulation of brain and behavior, impacting depression, stress and cognition. Moreover, gut microbiota disruption has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and implicated in modulating disease severity in stroke. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex, acute neurological insult that can lead to chronic neurodegeneration. Understanding the influence of the gut-brain axis in the setting of TBI may create new avenues of therapeutic approaches for TBI survivors.