中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (5): 1020-1022.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.324846

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

亚细胞生物医学时代的黎明:细胞外囊泡的新兴世界

  

  • 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2021-11-08

The emerging world of subcellular biological medicine: extracellular vesicles as novel biomarkers, targets, and therapeutics

Leon G. Coleman, Jr*   

  1. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
  • Online:2022-05-15 Published:2021-11-08
  • Contact: Leon G. Coleman, Jr, MD, PhD, leon_coleman@med.unc.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism AA024829, AA028924, AA028599 and the Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (all to LGC).

摘要: Neural Regen Res:COVID-19 疫苗接种方法开启了亚细胞生物医学的阀门
COVID-19 大流行这场全球危机将亚细胞生物材料的治疗用途推到了医学前沿。尽管早在 15 年前就已经开始某些生物疗法的临床试验,但在许多国家,公众对这些方法犹豫不决。随着公众思想的这种转变,未来几天可能会有更多类似的治疗方案。在先进的 COVID-19 疫苗的案例中,用mRNA 作为这种炎症病理的药物。此外,将脂质递送系统用于这些 mRNA 疫苗让公众对生物治疗和递送系统的可能性有了新的认识。
来自美国北卡罗来纳大学的Leon G. Coleman,Jr认为,因为具有免疫调节作用,间充质干细胞作为生物医学治疗方法已显示良好前景。间充质干细胞在伤口愈合、缺血性心肌细胞损伤、急性肾损伤、肝损伤、移植物抗宿主病、各种癌症、酒精滥用等方面显示出改善作用。几项研究发现,源自间充质干细胞的细胞外囊泡通常能够重现间充质干细胞移植本身的许多治疗益处。类似于将针对多种疾病的治疗方法包装到相同的细胞外囊泡制剂中,间充质干细胞-细胞外囊泡可能有益于多种慢性疾病,减少个人可能需要的药物数量并降低与多药治疗相关的风险。另外,在长期饮酒的大鼠中,间充质干细胞-细胞外囊泡的鼻内递送显著降低了酒精摄入量和星形胶质细胞形态激活。这强调了即细胞外囊泡可以通过非处方方法给药,可以穿过血脑屏障,并且可以调节行为。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年5 月5 期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-3799 (Leon G. Coleman, Jr)

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, with all its tragedy, has also ushered in a new era of biological medicine. This global crisis has brought along with it an opportunity that had not been foreseen by many – it brought the therapeutic use of subcellular biological material to the forefront of medicine. Though clinical trials for certain biological therapeutics began more than 15 years ago, in many nations there has been public hesitation to these approaches. With this shift of public thought, there will likely be many more similar therapeutic efforts in days ahead. In the case of the pioneering COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA was used as medicine for this inflammatory pathology. Further, the use of lipid delivery systems for these mRNA vaccines has opened the eyes of many regarding new possibilities for biological therapeutics and delivery systems. Within the body during normal physiology, such endogenous delivery systems are continuously operating. These extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-enclosed transport systems that allow continuous communication between cells and organ systems. EVs transport diverse biological cargo such mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, histones, long non-coding RNAs, proteins, bio-active lipids, and more. Previously considered to be inactive, not physiological, EVs have now emerged as critical mediators in a variety of biological processes and disease states (Jeppesen et al., 2019). As such, much interest has emerged for using EVs not only as disease biomarkers, but also as biological drug delivery systems or even as direct treatments themselves. Disease states with inflammatory components in particular have been studied for the involvement of EVs. Like the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, EVs represent a new dimension of subcellular biological medicine.