中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (6): 1248-1250.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.327336

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

“触摸”和早期丰富的刺激:对啮齿动物和早产儿的大脑发育、神经再生和神经变性的影响

  

  • 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2021-12-16

The power of “touch” and early enriched stimulation: neuroplasticity effects in rodents and preterm infants

Alberto Fernández-Teruel*   

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
  • Online:2022-06-15 Published:2021-12-16
  • Contact: Alberto Fernández-Teruel,PhD,Albert.fernandez.teruel@uab.cat.
  • Supported by:
    The author gratefully acknowledges support from grants PSI2017-82257-P, PID2020-114697GB-I00, and 2017SGR-1586 (to AFT). 

摘要: Neural Regen Res:出生后触摸和丰富感官刺激利于脑损伤的恢复
早产儿的按摩疗法和啮齿类动物的丰富感官刺激似乎对大脑发育和神经可塑性显示出有效和长期的积极影响。按摩疗法和丰富感官刺激都能够预防海马中与年龄相关的神经元变性。围产期缺氧缺血引起的脑损伤是一种早期脑损伤,与围产期发病率和各种神经发育缺陷直接相关,早产儿发生缺氧缺血损伤的风险增加。男婴比女婴更容易出现脑损伤。一项最新的研究显示雄性小鼠似乎更容易受到缺氧缺血诱导的长期记忆障碍的影响,而按摩疗法在雄性中比在雌性中更明显地减弱了这种缺陷。按摩疗法显著减轻了雄性多个大脑区域(海马、丘脑、尾状核/壳核、新皮质、胼胝体)中缺氧缺血诱导的神经病理学改变,而按摩疗法的影响也很显著,但对雌性(胼胝体和新皮质)的影响较小。在新生儿(甚至出生前)、青春期前或青春期应用的丰富感官刺激(涉及柔软的触摸和多感官刺激),对神经发育和神经可塑性具有巨大而持久的影响。 
来自西班牙巴塞罗那自治大学的Alberto Fernández-Teruel认为,按摩疗法越来越多地应用于新生儿护理病房,并取得了积极成果。雄性大鼠出生后的触摸持久地防止了缺氧缺血对成年海马和齿状回的有害影响。缺氧缺血诱导的神经变性归因于过度的谷氨酸功能和钙内流(导致兴奋性毒性)。值得注意的是,雄性大鼠的产前和产后早期丰富感官刺激可以持久地减弱缺氧缺血诱导的有害神经发育和认知影响。该治疗还可以减轻缺氧缺血产生的海马分子和细胞损伤,防止海马和大脑皮层淀粉样前体蛋白的增加和GAP-43蛋白的减少。青春期雄性大鼠的丰富感官刺激可以挽救由青春期前应激引起的成人神经可塑性和海马神经发生的损伤。丰富感官刺激治疗还可以逆转由早期生活压力产生的杏仁核功能改变和海马依赖性认知障碍。要确定按摩疗法和丰富感官刺激对啮齿动物中观察到的神经行为发育和神经可塑性的长期影响是否可以推广到人类,还有很长的路要走。这将需要更全面和纵向的临床研究,包括更直接的大脑功能测量以及神经内分泌学检查。 
    文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年 6 月  6 期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5993-7058 (Alberto Fernández-Teruel)

Abstract: Early postnatal stimulation, e.g., neonatal handling (NH) in its most frequent form, and environmental enrichment (EE, the exposure of juvenile animals, usually during several weeks, to environments involving rich and variable sensory stimulation) produce profound and long-lasting behavioral and neurobiological effects. Both treatments reduce anxiety and stress sensitivity, and improve neurodevelopment and learning/memory in unconditioned and conditioned tasks in laboratory rodents. In addition, both manipulations lead to long lasting ‘‘protective’’ effects against age-related hippocampal neurodegeneration, cognitive deficits and associated stress-related neuroendocrine processes (e.g., Meaney et al., 1988; Fernández-Teruel et al., 1997, 2002). The present commentary is focused on summarizing relevant evidence on the enduring positive effects of early enriched sensory (NH- or EE-like) stimulation on neurobehavioral development and neuroplasticity (including the promotion of neural regeneration or the prevention of neurodegeneration) in rodents, and to discuss the possible clinical relevance and translatability of similar treatment approaches to humans.