中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (6): 1275-1277.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.327335

• 观点:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

眼睛的守护者:巨噬细胞多元宇宙的新传说

  

  • 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2021-12-17

Guardians of the eye: new tales about retinal microglia and other ocular macrophages

Dennis-Dominik Rosmus, Peter Wieghofer*   

  1. Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
  • Online:2022-06-15 Published:2021-12-17
  • Contact: Peter Wieghofer, PhD, peter.wieghofer@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.

摘要: Neural Regen Res:眼巨噬细胞研究的突破为视网膜疾病患者带来“光明”
巨噬细胞除了在炎症条件下作为“第一道防线”的主要角色外,还参与组织体内稳态的维持。因此,这些细胞能够去除细胞碎片并分泌影响其局部微环境中细胞的细胞因子和生长因子。眼睛是脊椎动物体内最复杂的器官之一,拥有多个巨噬细胞种群,位于并适应于不同的区室。小胶质细胞是包括视网膜在内的中枢神经系统的固有免疫细胞,主要局限于视网膜本身和视神经,而角膜、睫状体和脉络膜包含不同的骨髓细胞类型,需要完成不同的任务。
来自德国莱比锡大学的Peter Wieghofer团队认为,单细胞转录组学确定了眼巨噬细胞的显著异质性,在病理条件下甚至会增加。未来有必要将不同的细胞簇与其在完整组织中的精确定位联系起来。因此,快速发展的空间转录组学领域,包括原位测序方法可能是有前途的工具。此外,将转录特征与蛋白质组学、表观遗传学和代谢组学特征结合可能会了解提健康和疾病期间细胞的分子过程。总之,上述新技术的进步将推动眼巨噬细胞领域研究,为开发精准治疗方法开辟道路,威胁视力的视网膜疾病患者将从中受益。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年6月6 期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4959-1182 (Peter Wieghofer) 

Abstract: Macrophages are highly versatile and plastic immune cells that are localized in nearly all organs of the body and contribute to a plethora of physiological and pathological processes in situ. Beside their roles as major players in the “first line of defense” under inflammatory conditions, macrophages are known to participate in tissue homeostasis maintenance. Therefore, these cells are capable of removing cell debris and secreting cytokines and growth factors influencing cells in their local microenvironment and vice versa. The eye, which represents one of the most sophisticated organs in the body of vertebrates, harbors multiple macrophage populations that are localized in and adapted to different compartments. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) including the retina, are mainly restricted to the retina itself and the optic nerve, whereas the cornea, ciliary body and choroid contain different myeloid cell types with distinct tasks to fulfill. In comparison to brain microglia (bMG) or other CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs), that were extensively studied in mice and humans (Goldmann et al., 2016; Masuda et al., 2019), ocular macrophages (oMacs) are far less understood in points of their exact origin, fate and heterogeneity. To address this issue, recent studies applied state-of-the-art fate mapping approaches to identify the exact embryonic origin of the oMacs and single-cell transcriptomics to dissect the myeloid landscape in multiple eye compartments under homeostatic and pathological conditions (O’Koren et al., 2019; Wieghofer et al., 2021). Here, we would like to recapitulate the most important developments in fate mapping and single-cell analysis leading to these findings and delineate emerging technologies that may further fuel the research in myeloid cell biology in the brain and eye.