中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (9): 1955-1956.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.335144

• 观点:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

桥接阻断轴突再生的细胞外和细胞内机制:从七鳃鳗脊髓损伤中硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖的角度

  

  • 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2022-03-05

Inhibition of central axon regeneration: perspective from chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in lamprey spinal cord injury

Jianli Hu, Li-Qing Jin, Michael E. Selzer*   

  1. Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Hu J, Jin LQ, Selzer ME)
    Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Selzer ME) 
  • Online:2022-09-15 Published:2022-03-05
  • Contact: Michael E. Selzer, MD, PhD,michael.selzer@temple.edu.

摘要: 软骨素酶 ABC通过去除硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖抑制轴突再生
    脊髓损伤后轴突再生失败严重影响患者生活质量。硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖是中枢神经系统中神经周围网的正常成分,在损伤部位分泌,最初被认为是纯粹的物理屏障。前期研究表明,硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖通过与髓磷脂相关生长抑制剂的两种受体 Nogo 受体 1 和 3相互作用来抑制再生,从而启动下游抑制信号传导。 许多研究表明,用软骨素酶 ABC去除硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖的多糖侧链会降低其轴突生长抑制作用。最新研究表明用软骨素酶 ABC消化硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖可增强脊髓损伤后的轴突发芽和功能恢复。
    来自美国Shriners 医院儿科研究中心的Michael E. Selzer团队认为,软骨素酶 ABC本身具有热不稳定性的特性,限制了其在人体内(温度约37°C)的持久效力。在过去的几年中,已经探索了不同的递送方法,例如纳米颗粒或合成支架,并在动物脊髓损伤模型中显示出可喜的结果,但这些方法仍需要进一步优化以实现更好的疗效。软骨素酶 ABC 治疗脊髓损伤尚未进入临床试验,而该酶已在日本的 III 期试验中评估为腰椎间盘突出症手术干预的替代方案,其中将软骨素酶 ABC 注射到腰椎间盘以消化髓核。这为软骨素酶 ABC在人类脊髓损伤治疗中的潜在用途提供了启示。总之,促进中枢神经系统轴突再生的成功方法应结合细胞内和细胞外机制的操作,例如去除细胞外抑制剂,增强细胞内促再生分子的表达,并通过新再生的轴突促进功能性突触的形成。更好地理解连接环境和神经元内对轴突再生的影响的机制,会促使研究人员设计出更好的治疗方法,以促进脊髓损伤的恢复。 
    文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年9 月 9 期发表。

Abstract: Background: Failure of axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) underlies the paralysis that so profoundly affects patients’ quality of life.  Many factors are involved in the regeneration failure. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), normal constituents of the perineuronal nets in central nervous system (CNS), are secreted at the injury site and initially were thought to act as a purely physical barrier. In the past decade, the receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ), and leukocyte common antigen-related phosphatase (LAR), have been identified as transmembrane receptors for CSPGs. The two receptors for myelin-associated growth inhibitors, Nogo receptors 1 and 3 (NgR1 and NgR3) also have been found to bind with CSPGs (Sharma et al., 2012). These findings suggest that CSPGs inhibit regeneration by interacting with these receptors, initiating downstream inhibitory signaling (Figure 1).