Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2014, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (7): 712-718.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.131574

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Outcomes in spasticity after repetitive transcranial magnetic and transcranial direct current stimulations

Aysegul Gunduz 1, Hatice Kumru 2, 3, 4, Alvaro Pascual-Leone 5   

  1. 1 Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
    2 Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
    3 Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
    4 Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
    5 Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
  • Received:2014-03-06 Online:2014-04-15 Published:2014-04-15
  • Contact: Hatice Kumru, M.D., Ph.D., Hospital de Neurorehabilitació Institut Guttmann, Camí Can Ruti s/n. Barcelona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain, hkumru@guttmann.com.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported in part by grants from Foundation La Marató TV3. No. PI110932.

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Abstract:

Non-invasive brain stimulations mainly consist of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation exhibits satisfactory outcomes in improving multiple sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord injury and cerebral  palsy-induced spasticity. By contrast, transcranial direct current stimulation has only been studied in post-stroke spasticity. To better validate the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulations in improving the spasticity post-stroke, more prospective cohort studies involving large sample sizes are needed.

Key words: reviews, muscle spasticity, motor cortex, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, central nervous system, stroke