Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (5): 832-840.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.156991

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Ligustrazine monomer against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Hai-jun Gao 1, 2, Peng-fei Liu 1, Pei-wen Li 1, Zhuo-yan Huang 3, Feng-bo Yu 4, Ting Lei 1, Yong Chen 1, Ye Cheng 1, Qing-chun Mu 2, Hai-yan Huang 1   

  1. 1 Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
    2 Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
    3 Clinical Medical College of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province, China
    4 School of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2015-04-20 Online:2015-05-15 Published:2015-05-15
  • Contact: Qing-chun Mu, M.D., Ph.D. or Hai-yan Huang, M.D., Ph.D.,muqcns@gmaill.com or huanghy@jlu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by a grant from the Health and Family Planning Commission of Heilongjiang Province Research Project in China, No. 2014-195; the Education Department Science and Technology Foundation of Heilongjiang Province in China, No. 12531741; the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China, No. H2015083.

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Abstract:

Ligustrazine (2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine) is a major active ingredient of the Szechwan lovage rhizome and is extensively used in treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The mechanism of action of ligustrazine use against ischemic cerebrovascular diseases remains unclear at present. This study summarizes its protective effect, the optimum time window of administration, and the most effective mode of administration for clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We examine the effects of ligustrazine on suppressing excitatory amino acid release, promoting migration, differentiation and proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells. We also looked at its effects on angiogenesis and how it inhibits thrombosis, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis after cerebral ischemia. We consider that ligustrazine gives noticeable protection from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The time window of ligustrazine administration is limited. The protective effect and time window of a series of derivative monomers of ligustrazine such as 2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxidoimino]methyl]-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine, CXC137 and CXC195 after cerebral ischemia were better than ligustrazine.

Key words: nerve regeneration, ligustrazine, ischemia, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neural regeneration