Abstract: The overproduction of reactive oxygen species is defined as oxidative stress. While deprived oxygen supply in tissues is known as hypoxia. These mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of several retinal diseases, like glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinal ischemia. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease defined by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons causing visual field defects, which ultimately leads to blindness. While AMD pathogenesis is further characterized by soft drusen, it involves the retinal pigment epithelium and the Bruch’s membrane - choroid complex. AMD is a disease finally leading to death of the photoreceptors, especially in the macula region, resulting in central vision loss. The pathomechanisms of both diseases are not yet fully understood, but oxidative as well as hypoxic stresses seem to play a crucial. Moreover, hypoxia is also an inducer of oxidative stress by causing cellular stress, followed by mitochondrial stress, in neurodegenerative retinal diseases. In experimental models of retinal degeneration numerous triggers of cell death have been identified, including genetic mutations, intracellularly elevated calcium levels, endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as hypoxia, and oxidative stress (Grossniklaus et al., 2010; Pang and Clark, 2020).