Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and the number of patients with AD is estimated to double by 2060 (Alzheimer’s Association, 2022). The AD mortality rate has increased by 145% over the last decade, the largest increase among the ten leading causes of death in the US (Alzheimer’s Association, 2022). In 2022, the targets of novel disease-modifying agents for AD in phase 3 clinical trials expanded from amyloid β (Aβ)/tau to include synaptic plasticity, the gut-brain axis, oxidative stress, the vasculature, metabolism, and proteostasis (Cummings et al., 2022). Despite the identification of innovative AD therapeutic targets and high R&D investment in AD research, the clinical failure rate for AD therapeutics is 99.6% (Cummings et al., 2022). A major reason for this high failure rate may be the use of single-target approaches for AD drug development.