Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (7): 1900-1918.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00015

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Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway: contributing to the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Hang Yang1 , Yulei Xia1 , Yue Ma1 , Mingtong Gao2, *, Shuai Hou1 , Shanshan Xu2 , Yanqiang Wang3, *   

  1. 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China;  2 Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China;  3 Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
  • Online:2025-07-15 Published:2024-11-25
  • Contact: Mingtong Gao, MS, 875125419@qq.com; Yanqiang Wang, PhD, wangqiangdoctor@126.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by Yuan Du Scholars, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, No. 2022WYFYLCYJ02; Weifang Key Laboratory, Weifang Science and Technology Development Plan Project Medical Category, No. 2022YX093.

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Abstract: The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart, liver, brain, and kidney, but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically reviewed. Here, we outline the components of the cGAS–STING pathway and then analyze its role in autophagy, ferroptosis, cellular pyroptosis, disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis, inflammatory responses, disruption of the blood–brain barrier, microglia transformation, and complement system activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. We further analyze the value of cGAS– STING pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and conclude that the pathway can regulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms. Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway may be helpful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Key words: calcium homeostasis, cellular autophagy, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, cGAS–STING pathway, ferroptosis, gut–brain–microbiota axis, inflammatory, light chain 3, microglial cells, Syntaxin-17 protein