Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (9): 2437-2453.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00432

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Mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

Siyi Xu1, #, Junqiu Jia2, #, Rui Mao3, #, Xiang Cao1, 3, 4, 5, 6, *, Yun Xu1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, *   

  1. 1 Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China;  2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China;  3 Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; 4 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China;  5 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China;  6 Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2025-09-15 Published:2024-12-27
  • Contact: Yun Xu, MD, PhD, xuyun20042001@aliyun.com; Xiang Cao, PhD, caoxiang@njglyy.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81920108017 (to YX), 82130036 (to YX), 82371326 (to XC), 82171310 (to XC); the STI2030-Major Projects, No. 2022ZD0211800 (to YX); and Jiangsu Province Key Medical Discipline, No. ZDXK202216 (to YX).

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Abstract: Acute central nervous system injuries, including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, are a major global health challenge. Identifying optimal therapies and improving the long-term neurological functions of patients with acute central nervous system injuries are urgent priorities. Mitochondria are susceptible to damage after acute central nervous system injury, and this leads to the release of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species, which induce cell death. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, is crucial in eliminating redundant or damaged mitochondria during these events. Recent evidence has highlighted the significant role of mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the process, classification, and related mechanisms of mitophagy. We also highlight the recent developments in research into the role of mitophagy in various acute central nervous system injuries and drug therapies that regulate mitophagy. In the final section of this review, we emphasize the potential for treating these disorders by focusing on mitophagy and suggest future research paths in this area

Key words: autophagy,  intracerebral hemorrhage,  ischemic stroke,  mitochondria,  mitochondrial biogenesis,  mitochondrial quality control,   mitophagy,  spinal cord injury,  subarachnoid hemorrhage,  traumatic brain injury