Abstract: The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture. The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells, being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits. The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed. The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs, synaptic integration, neuronal computation, signal transmission, and network circuitry, hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.