Abstract: Amyloid oligomers, a brief history: Amyloid d i s e a s e s e n c o m p a s s a r a n g e o f h u m a n neurological, systemic, and metabolic disorders, characterized by the common feature of amyloid fibril and plaque deposition, either intracellularly or extracellularly. Among them, Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—manifested by memory loss and cognitive decline—and Parkinson’s disease (PD)— underlined by impaired dopamine release and motor dysfunction—are the two most prevalent forms of neurodegenerative conditions that have rapidly become global epidemics. Type 2 diabetes, conversely, is a prevalent metabolic disorder underpinned by pancreatic beta cell loss, elicited primarily by the aggregation and toxicity of human islet amyloid peptide.