Abstract: Disorders of consciousness (DoC), including coma, vegetative state, and minimally conscious state, present a spectrum of conditions characterized by impaired awareness and responsiveness due to severe brain injury. Conventional interventions for DoC primarily focus on promoting conditions conducive to spontaneous neurological recovery including pharmacological treatments such as dopaminergic agents (e.g., amantadine) and rehabilitative strategies including sensory stimulation programs and physical therapy. However, these approaches produce variable and limited outcomes. The lack of targeted treatments that can directly modulate neural circuits underlying consciousness highlights the need for therapeutic approaches that can effectively engage the brain’s arousal network. Neuromodulation techniques, such as deep brain stimulation, demonstrate promising results but are invasive and require specialized equipment, limiting their clinical application. Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that activates the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve, which projects to key brainstem nuclei that collectively engage the ascending reticular activating system essential for wakefulness and attention. By stimulating the reticular activating system pathway, TNS can indirectly enhance cortical activity and thalamocortical connectivity, offeringa mechanistic rationale for its potential to enhance consciousness in patients with DoC.