Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2012, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (19): 1513-1519.

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Imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 may contribute to hemorrhage in cerebellar arteriovenous malformations

Fei Di1, Tongyan Chen2, Hongli Li3, Jizong Zhao1, Shuo Wang1, Yuanli Zhao1, Dong Zhang1   

  1. 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
    2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
    3 Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • Received:2012-02-15 Revised:2012-05-13 Online:2012-07-05 Published:2012-07-05
  • Contact: Jizong Zhao, M.D., Chief physician, Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China difeittyy@yahoo.com.cn
  • About author:Fei Di☆, M.D., Associate chief physician, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China

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Abstract:

In this study, we determined the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 and -2 in brain tissues and blood plasma of patients undergoing surgery for cerebellar arteriovenous malformations or primary epilepsy (control group). Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 was significantly higher in patients with cerebellar arteriovenous malformations than in patients with primary epilepsy. The ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 was significantly higher in patients with hemorrhagic cerebellar arteriovenous malformations compared with those with non-hemorrhagic malformations. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-2 levels were not significantly changed. These findings indicate that an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1, resulting in a relative overabundance of matrix metalloproteinase-9, might be the underlying mechanism of hemorrhage of cerebellar arteriovenous malformations.

Key words: cerebellar arteriovenous malformations, hemorrhage, matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metallo-proteinase-9, tissue matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1, tissue matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-2, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, neural regeneration