Abstract: The human brain consists of billions of cells encompassing hundreds of distinct cell-types, each with unique functions and properties. Identification of the molecular architecture of the brain has been revolutionized by next-generation sequencing (NGS), as evident by recent transcriptomic and genetic/epigenetic studies. NGS paved the way to perform large-scale, genome-wide sequencing studies on human postmortem brain tissue, and this offered an unprecedented opportunity to elucidate the genetic bases of polygenic neurological disorders, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD).