Neural Regeneration Research ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (11): 2125-2131.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.310670

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Mechanisms implicated in the contralateral effect in the central nervous system after unilateral injury: focus on the visual system

Fernando Lucas-Ruiz*, Caridad Galindo-Romero, Virginia Albaladejo-García, Manuel Vidal-Sanz, Marta Agudo-Barriuso*#br#   

  1. Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) Murcia, Spain
  • Online:2021-11-15 Published:2021-04-13
  • Contact: Marta Agudo-Barriuso, PhD, martabar@um.es; Fernando Lucas-Ruiz, PhD, fernando.lucas@um.es.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional “Una manera de hacer Europa” (PI19/00071 [to MAB], PID2019-106498GB-I00 [to MVS], RD16/0008/0026 [to MVS] and RD16/0008/0016 [to MVS]) and by the Fundación Séneca, Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología Región de Murcia (19881/GERM/15) (to MVS).

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Abstract: The retina, as part of the central nervous system is an ideal model to study the response of neurons to injury and disease and to test new treatments. During the last decade is becoming clear that unilateral lesions in bilateral areas of the central nervous system trigger an inflammatory response in the contralateral uninjured site. This effect has been better studied in the visual system where, as a rule, one retina is used as experimental and the other as control. Contralateral retinas in unilateral models of retinal injury show neuronal degeneration and glial activation. The mechanisms by which this adverse response in the central nervous system occurs are discussed in this review, focusing primarily on the visual system. 

Key words: bilateral effect, brain, glaucoma, inflammation, mirror effect, optic nerve axotomy, optic nerve crush, retina, spinal cord