中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2014, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (7): 688-692.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.131567

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

内源性神经发生对创伤性脑损伤修复和再生的意义

  

  • 收稿日期:2014-03-01 出版日期:2014-04-15 发布日期:2014-04-15

The potential of endogenous neurogenesis for brain repair and regeneration following traumatic brain injury

Dong Sun   

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
  • Received:2014-03-01 Online:2014-04-15 Published:2014-04-15
  • Contact: Dong Sun, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Neurosurgery, P. O. Box 980631, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-631, USA, dsun@vcu.edu.

摘要:

在美国,创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是导致45岁以下的人群死亡和残疾的首要原因,每年有超过150万人口受其影响。研究人员曾认为,由于成人大脑不具备替换受损中枢神经元的能力,因此这种疾病的康复极其困难。然而,最近的研究表明,成熟哺乳动物的中枢神经系统(CNS)通过增殖和分化大脑中神经源性区域内的成人神经干/祖细胞,而具有了补充受损神经细胞的潜力。此外,越来越多的证据表明,这些内源性干细胞/祖细胞可能在响应中枢神经系统损伤或疾病中发挥再生和修复的作用。在脑创伤和受损响应过程中观察到的高水平细胞增殖和神经发生则支持了这一观点,并表明大脑具有恢复受损或被毁的神经元的内在潜力。美国弗吉尼亚联邦大学Dong Sun教授讨论了成人神经发生的潜在功能和利用这种神经源性能力重新填充和修复损伤大脑的最新治疗进展。

Abstract:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability of persons under 45 years old in the United States, affecting over 1.5 million individuals each year. It had been thought that recovery from such injuries is severely limited due to the inability of the adult brain to replace damaged neurons. However, recent studies indicate that the mature mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has the potential to replenish damaged neurons by proliferation and neuronal differentiation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells residing in the neurogenic regions in the brain. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that these endogenous stem/progenitor cells may play regenerative and reparative roles in response to CNS injuries or diseases. In support of this notion, heightened levels of cell proliferation and neurogenesis have been observed in response to brain trauma or insults suggesting that the brain has the inherent potential to restore populations of damaged or destroyed neurons. This review will discuss the potential functions of adult neurogenesis and recent development of strategies aiming at harnessing this neurogenic capacity in order to repopulate and repair the injured brain.

Key words: traumatic brain injury, adult neurogenesis, neural stem cells, cell proliferation, hippocampus,  , subventricular zone,  , learning and memory function, regeneration, cognition