中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2014, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (11): 1108-1109.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.135309

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

以扩散峭度成像检测神经发育和再生的微观结构变化

  

  • 收稿日期:2014-05-28 出版日期:2014-06-12 发布日期:2014-06-12

Diffusional kurtosis imaging: a promising technique for detecting microstructural changes in neural development and regeneration

Amir Paydar   

  1. Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York 
    University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY, USA
  • Received:2014-05-28 Online:2014-06-12 Published:2014-06-12
  • Contact: Amir Paydar, M.D., Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA, amirpaydar@gmail.com;amir.paydar@nyumc.org.

摘要:

大脑发育是在生物科学领域最让人着迷的课题之一,为此科学界一直在试图透彻理解和定义神经组织发展的内在机制及概念。然而,想要领悟和把握中枢神经系统发育成熟的过程仍将是一个非常复杂的课题,还很多问题有待确定。来自美国纽约大学医学院的Amir Paydar 博士认为,尽管有这样的挑战,但我们已经认识到,理解正常脑组织发育自然过程的关键在于通过微观和宏观两种尺度破译这些神经网络愈合和再生的机制。想要实现这个想法,他们采用了磁共振成像扩散技术中的扩散峭度成像,调查了发育中大脑白质和灰质的微观结构变化。以揭示这一技术在神经再生研究中的作用。问题的答案已很明确。扩散障碍形成可能是由于在神经发育中的大分子重组逐步增强造成的。这些障碍可能发生在神经发育和再生过程中的微观层面,并在一定程度上导致许多细胞结构的变化。例如,这些变化可能包括在固有细胞过程复杂性的整体增强(如细胞膜,细胞器和细胞外基质的增生),轴突删减和细胞集合,髓鞘及髓鞘的功能重组,以及树突和放射状胶质细胞向星形胶质细胞神经纤维过渡。

Abstract:

Brain development is one of the most fascinating subjects in the field of biological sciences. Nonetheless, our scientific community still faces challenges in trying to understand the concepts that define the underlying mechanisms of neural tissue development. After all, it is a very complex subject to grasp and many of the processes that take place during central nervous system maturation are yet to be ascertained. Dr. Amir Paydar from New York University in USA considered that despite this challenge, we have come to recognize that understanding the natural course of normal brain tissue development on both microscopic and macroscopic scales is the key to deciphering the mechanisms through which these neural networks also heal and regenerate. Realizing this concept, they implemented a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) diffusion technique called Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) to investigate the microstructural changes that occur in both the white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in the developing brain. But what is the relevance of this discovery for neural regeneration research? The answer to this question is clear. The diffusion barriers which may form due to the progressive increase in macromolecular reorganization during neural maturation are probably similar to ones that take shape during the course of neural regeneration. These barriers may partly result from many cytoarchitectural changes that take place at the microstructural level during both neural development and regeneration. For example, these changes may include the overall increase in the complexity of intrinsic cellular processes (e.g., proliferation of cell membranes, organelles, and extracellular matrix), axonal pruning and cell packing, myelination and functional reorganization of myelin, as well as addition of basal dendrites and transition of radial glial cells to astrocytic neuropil.