中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2014, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (13): 1253-1260.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.137570

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 •    下一篇

干细胞治疗中枢神经系统损伤:神经胶质细胞起关键作用

  

  • 收稿日期:2014-07-01 出版日期:2014-07-11 发布日期:2014-07-11

Stem cell therapy for central nerve system injuries: glial cells hold the key

Li Xiao 1, Chikako Saiki 2, Ryoji Ide 2   

  1. 1 Pharmacology Department, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
    2 Physiology Department, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • Received:2014-07-01 Online:2014-07-11 Published:2014-07-11
  • Contact: Li Xiao, Ph.D., Pharmacology Department, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan, xiaoli@tky.ndu.ac.jp.

摘要:

由于缺乏有效的内源神经元的再生能力,成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统损伤是不可逆的。促进中枢神经系统损伤恢复的最大障碍在于如何促进神经元及髓鞘形成新细胞,促进少突胶质细胞的再生。干细胞移植可以重新再生受损的神经元和少突胶质细胞。然而,在恶劣的损伤局部微环境中,移植的干细胞表现出很低的神经再生疗效。日本牙科大学东京牙科学院药理学系Li Xiao为首的实验室研究发现,中枢神经系统中存在大量的神经胶质细胞,它们掌控局部微环境的动态平衡,并在很大程度上影响损伤处及移植后神经干细胞的存亡。如何调控神经胶质细胞的行为,创造一个适合神经干细胞分化的微环境是中枢神经的再生研究的关键问题。

Abstract:

Mammalian adult central nerve system (CNS) injuries are devastating because of the intrinsic difficulties for effective neuronal regeneration. The greatest problem to be overcome for CNS recovery is the poor regeneration of neurons and myelin-forming cells, oligodendrocytes. Endogenous neural progenitors and transplanted exogenous neuronal stem cells can be the source for neuronal regeneration. However, because of the harsh local microenvironment, they usually have very low efficacy for functional neural regeneration which cannot compensate for the loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes. Glial cells (including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and NG2 glia) are the majority of cells in CNS that provide support and protection for neurons. Inside the local microenvironment, glial cells largely influence local and transplanted neural stem cells survival and fates. This review critically analyzes current finding of the roles of glial cells in CNS regeneration, and highlights strategies for regulating glial cells’ behavior to create a permissive microenvironment for neuronal stem cells.

Key words: Neuron regeneration, stem cell therapy, glial cells, microenvironment, oligodendrocyte regeneration, CNS injury