中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (5): 677-678.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.156942

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 •    下一篇

突触活动区稳定性:从果蝇神经-肌肉接头所见

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-03-20 出版日期:2015-05-15 发布日期:2015-05-15

Active zone stability: insights from fly neuromuscular junction

Xiaolin Tian, Chunlai Wu   

  1. Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
  • Received:2015-03-20 Online:2015-05-15 Published:2015-05-15
  • Contact: Chunlai Wu, Ph.D., cwu@lsuhsc.edu.

摘要:

果蝇神经-肌肉接头是作为一个大突触连接,可介导运动神经元与肌肉间的神经递质。每个突触终端中含有20-50突触扣信。在每个扣信中,大约有10个活性区,主要位于轴突末端膜内,那里能够协调地释放神经递质(谷氨酸)。相对的,每个活动区是一个集群的突触后谷氨酸受体,它会响应释放递质。无论是突触终端还是突触活动区都不具有永久性结构。在突触发育、活性依赖性可塑性结构、突触消除和老化过程中,突触末端的大小和数量,突触活动区的密度和分布都会所有变化。所有这些变化都对神经元回路如何处理信息和响应内部或外部线索产生深远的影响。在果蝇神经-肌接头中研究突触终端回缩已经确定了突触终端稳定性所需的几种蛋白质,包括dynactin蛋白复合物,突触前血影骨架,巨大亚型Ankyrin2,肌动蛋白加帽蛋白Adducin和微管结合蛋白Stathmin。然而,很少有人知道能够控制突触活动区稳定性和本地化的突触前机制。

Abstract:

The presynaptic active zone is a dynamic structure that orchestrates regulated release of neurotransmitters. Developmental and aging processes, and changes in neuronal network activity can all modulate the number, size and composition of active zone and thereby synaptic efficacy. However, very little is known about the mechanism that controls the structural stability of active zone. By studying a model synapse, the Drosophila neuromuscular junction, our recent work shed light on how two scaffolding proteins at the active zone regulate active zone stability by promoting a localized dephosphorylation event at the nerve terminal. Here we discuss the major insights from our findings and their implications for future research.

Key words: active zone stability, Drosophila, neuromuscular junction, dephosphorylation, Liprin-α, Syd-1, PP2A, GSK-3β