中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (5): 743-747.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.156968

• 综述:周围神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

外质体在受损周围神经系统再生中的作用

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-03-05 出版日期:2015-05-15 发布日期:2015-05-15

The role of exosomes in peripheral nerve regeneration

Rosanna C. Ching 1, 2, Paul J. Kingham 1   

  1. 1 Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
    2 Department of Surgical & Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
  • Received:2015-03-05 Online:2015-05-15 Published:2015-05-15
  • Contact: Paul J. Kingham, Ph.D., paul.kingham@umu.se.
  • Supported by:

    This work is supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, European Union and Umeå University (Insamlingsstiftelsen).

摘要:

周围神经损伤因为其糟糕的功能恢复在治疗方面仍然存在问题。损伤导致的神经缺损给轴突再生带来了的极大困扰。解决这些问题的方法包括自体神经移植(这是目前的黄金标准治疗)和人工导管,后者能够与雪旺细胞或干细胞结合,提供合适的神经元再生微环境。但是干细胞移植会产生恶性转化的额外风险以及制备困难和伦理问题,而使用自体神经移植和雪旺细胞需要牺牲正常神经。有一种新方法是利用外质体,即细胞外基质分泌物,可避免所有这些弊端的发生。

Abstract:

Peripheral nerve injuries remain problematic to treat, with poor functional recovery commonly observed. Injuries resulting in a nerve gap create specific difficulties for axonal regeneration. Approaches to address these difficulties include autologous nerve grafts (which are currently the gold standard treatment) and synthetic conduits, with the latter option being able to be impregnated with Schwann cells or stem cells which provide an appropriate micro-environment for neuronal regeneration to occur. Transplanting stem cells, however, infers additional risk of malignant transformation as well as manufacturing difficulties and ethical concerns, and the use of autologous nerve grafts and Schwann cells requires the sacrifice of a functioning nerve. A new approach utilizing exosomes, secreted extracellular vesicles, could avoid these complications. In this review, we summarize the current literature on exosomes, and suggest how they could help to improve axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.

Key words: axonal regeneration, exosome, extracellular vesicle, microRNA, microvesicle, nerve gap, neurite outgrowth, peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cell, stem cell10.4103/1673-5374.156968