中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (10): 1574-1575.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.165266

• 观点:颅神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

识别神经干细胞抗体可洞察大脑损害反应?

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-07-01 出版日期:2015-10-28 发布日期:2015-10-28

Insights of the brain damage response using antibodies identifying surface antigens on neural stem cells and neuroblasts

Silvia Santamaria, Jose A. Garcia-Sanz*   

  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
  • Received:2015-07-01 Online:2015-10-28 Published:2015-10-28
  • Contact: Jose A. Garcia-Sanz, Ph.D.,jasanz@cib.csic.es.

摘要:

神经发生在成人大脑中是有据可查的,尤其是在维护嗅球动态平衡方面,此区域可连续供给神经母细胞,并将它们通过延髓迁移流从对侧脑室的脑室下区迁移到嗅球。然而,最近的数据表明,干扰素生成细胞的迁移不仅限于在嗅球内发生。我们采取了在小鼠成年脑中针对小鼠神经球产生两种单克隆抗体,能够在小鼠胚胎放射状胶质细胞中识别出神经母细胞表面抗原和神经干细胞(B型星形胶质细胞)。这些抗体被偶联到磁纳米粒子中,并使用磁共振成像在神经母细胞或神经干细胞中的适当位置进行体内识别,同时跟踪它们的迁移对脑损伤的响应。这些实验表示,神经母细胞和神经干细胞在体内能够从它们对侧脑室的脑室下区运动到脑损伤部位,在那里它们可以快速且有序的迁移。神经干细胞和神经母细胞在损伤部位还会引发分化细胞的迁移至脑损伤部位,或者最有可能的情况是这些细胞在原位分化产生合适的用以修复损伤的细胞类型。使用单克隆抗体在神经干细胞或神经母细胞中识别表面标记开辟了一系列的可能性。此外,这也表明神经干细胞可以在帕金森病或阿尔茨海默病的初期阶段向损伤部位迁移的可能性。

Abstract:

Similarly to other adult tissues, a hierarchical structure has been established for the brain, where the differentiated cell types (neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) are generated from primary progenitor cells, known as type B astrocytes or neural stem cells (NSC), through one or multiple stages of amplification (transient amplifying cells) that generate precursors (iPC) with more restricted potential nIPCs (neural), aIPCs (astrocytes), oIPC (oligodendrocytes). In the adult rodent brain, NSCs and iPCs are mainly restricted to the niches on the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. This hierarchical structure of the brain is critical for the understanding brain development and adult neurogenesis, to develop new strategies for brain repair, or for the understanding of brain tumor development. In conclusion, the use of mAbs recognizing surface markers on either NSC or neuroblasts open up a series of possibilities, for example, they allow to purify these cells from cell suspensions, identify them cells in their niches, or demonstrate in vivo their migration towards damage sites. In addition allows envisaging the possibility of identifying the focal sites on epileptic brains after a seizure, or on initial stages of Parkinson or Alzheimer’s. Finally, if the mAb anti-NSC recognizes the CSC in human gliomas, it might turn out as the first therapeutic drug targeting neural CSC.