中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (10): 1576-1577.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.165274

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-4可提高干细胞治疗的安全性?

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-06-26 出版日期:2015-10-28 发布日期:2015-10-28
  • 基金资助:

    该项目由医学研究基金会(FRM),SATT东南加速转译技术协会,法国帕金森病基金会,法国基金会(帕金森病委员会),COST行动CM1106支持

Glypican 4 down-regulation in pluripotent stem cells as a potential strategy to improve differentiation and to impair tumorigenicity of cell transplants

Rosanna Dono*   

  1. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 907, 13009 Marseille, France
  • Received:2015-06-26 Online:2015-10-28 Published:2015-10-28
  • Contact: Rosanna Dono, Ph.D.,rosanna.dono@univ-amu.fr.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Equipe FRM), SATT Sud Est-Accelerator of Technology Transfer, Association
    France Parkinson, Fondation de France (Committee Parkinson), COST Action CM1106.

摘要:

干细胞技术的发展对于一些仍缺乏有效治疗手段的神经疾病的治疗展示出了巨大的应用前景,但在被广泛应用于临床前,应该注意到致瘤性这一移植的安全性问题,这将限制其临床转化。迄今为止细胞类型特异性分化方法依赖于使用小分子和已知形态控制胚胎发育发生。因此,我们可以期待如果能够更好的理解细胞谱系条目和终端分化的分子机制,那么就有希望使人类多能干细胞分化受控,并同质适用到细胞治疗的水平。我们研究了调节干细胞自我更新和分化之间平衡的信号机制。他们最近探讨了干扰基因是否可以成为自我更新的关键?这一观点将通过促进自我更新细胞为干扰肿瘤形成提供一个更有效的替代策略。研究显示,磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-4能够保持小鼠胚胎干细胞和神经干细胞的自我更新,因为磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-4下调可以将这些干细胞定位于更高速和高效的分化。总之,这项研究表明磷调控脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-4活动可以被视为一种新的分子策略,用以调节干细胞的数量和命运并最大限度地降低致瘤风险。由于人类多能干细胞拥有自我更新的非凡能力并可分化为所有成熟的细胞类型,其在产生无限数量疾病治疗所需细胞方面具有很大优势。从临床角度看,虽然移植较低数量细胞,致瘤风险也较低,但不能否认的是,许多疾病的细胞移植治疗需要大量多潜能干细胞。找到可降低多能干细胞移植后致瘤性的方法,对于其进一步更好的临床应用有重要意义。

Abstract:

Glypican 4 down-regulation in pluripotent stem cells as a potential strategy to improve differentiation and to impair tumorigenicity of cell transplants
Recent advances in stem cell technologies have opened new avenues for the treatment of a number of diseases that still lack effective therapeutic options. In this regard, cell transplantation has emerged as the most promising clinical medical intervention for the repair, replacement, and regeneration of dysfunctional or dead cells. Examples of specific disorders that might benefit from stem cell-based therapies are injuries, diabetes, liver and retinal diseases, neurological disorders and possibly heart failure. To date much attention has been given to the potential application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) including both embryonic (hESCs) and the induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for regenerative medicine. Besides being considered particularly relevant for disease modeling, drug discovery and for pharmaceutical applications, extensive research is underway to determine whether hPSCs can become a potent and safe resource of transplantable therapeutics. Owing to their remarkable ability to self-renewal indefinitely and to differentiate into all mature cell types hPSCs would be of great advantage to generate an unlimited number of disease-relevant cells. From a clinical perspective, it is likely that hPSC-derivatives such as progenitor cells and/or more differentiated somatic cell types rather than the “bonafide” hPSCs will be transplanted. Although the risk of having tumor-promoting cells in grafts might be relatively low when transplanting small cell numbers (e.g., for retinal regeneration), the greatest challenge occurs when treating diseases requiring large quantities of hPSC-derived cells. Also, as knowledge on transplantation-based therapies will advance, new set of variables such as batch-to-batch differences in hPSC differentiation efficacy might arise. As discussed above, a variety of approaches are being developed to ensure that no self-renewing cells remain in the graft. However, there is an ongoing need to improve these methods in order to achieve realistic, cost effective and clinically applicable strategies. It will be important to evaluate whether the most stringent safety procedure arise from combining different technologies that can be shaped according to disease and cell graft needs.