中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (10): 1558-1559.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.165316

• 观点:周围神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

铁是周围神经轴突再生的必要元素吗?

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-07-01 出版日期:2015-10-28 发布日期:2015-10-28

Handling iron in restorative neuroscience

Lisa Junl Routhe, Torben Moos   

  1. Laboratory of Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
  • Received:2015-07-01 Online:2015-10-28 Published:2015-10-28
  • Contact: Torben Moos, M.D., Ph.D., tmoos@hst.aau.dk.

摘要:

铁过载和铁缺乏对神经系统细胞来说都是不利。铁过载贵加快氧化性物质形成,由此增加神经元死亡的风险,脑部的区域性铁累积与神经退行性疾病有关,如阿尔茨海默并和帕金森病。系统性铁过载能导致血色素病。但令人惊讶的是不会对大脑造成伤害,这归因于铁摄取和运输在血脑屏障中的下调。相反,铁缺乏则会导致全身缺铁,并可能影响到铁在中枢神经系统和周围神经系统中的水平,进而会导致细胞生长停滞或甚至细胞死亡。这表明,产妇缺铁严重可影响发育胎儿中及大脑。转铁蛋白受体在再生运动神经元胞体的表达表明铁摄取了CNS局部。横断的坐骨神经引线的轴突的增加跟铁的摄取和转受体这表明该铁摄取的同时也增加在再生轴突。

Abstract:

The transient metal iron exerts essential roles in the central nervous system (CNS) for oxygen transport, myelin formation, and synthesis of neurotransmitters. Being redox active, iron switches between ferrous and ferric states. Switching between oxygen states also makes iron an important inducer of reactive oxygen species through the Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions. Such reactive oxygen species are potentially damaging to nucleic acids, proteins, and fatty acids, which makes the handling of iron very important. Both iron overload and iron deficiency are detrimental to cells of the nervous system. Iron overload increases the formation of oxidative species and thereby increasing risks for neuronal death, and regional iron accumulation in brain is associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Systemic iron overloading causes hemochromatosis with the surprising absence of brain impairment, which is attributed to down-regulation of the iron uptake and transport at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Conversely, limited access to iron leads to systemic iron deficiency that may affect the iron levels in the CNS and peripheral nervous system, which can cause cell growth arrest or even cell death. This suggests that maternal iron-deficiency seriously can affect the developing foetus, including the brain.