中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (11): 1735-1736.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.165318

• 观点:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

脊髓损伤和修复后谁参与了脑干下行运动控制手部熟练动作

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-07-18 出版日期:2015-12-07 发布日期:2015-12-07
  • 基金资助:

    这项工作是由Wings for Life,脊髓基金会(WFL-US-004/11),美国国立卫生研究院生物工程及医学成像研究所(U01EB015521)和克里斯托弗&达纳资助项目里夫基金会资助。

Who is who after spinal cord injury and repair? Can the brain stem descending motor pathways take control of skilled hand motor function?

Guillermo García-Alías*, V. Reggie Edgerton   

  1. Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • Received:2015-07-18 Online:2015-12-07 Published:2015-12-07
  • Contact: Guillermo Garcia-Alias, Ph.D.,guillermo284@gmail.com.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by a grant from Wings for Life, Spinal Cord Foundation (WFL-US-004/11) to GGA, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U01EB015521 and the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation.
    The authors thank Mr. Anthony Yeung for his reviewing the paper.
    VRE holds a shareholder interest in NeuroRecovery Technologies. VRE is also President and Chair of the company’s Board of Directors. VRE, hold certain inventorship rights on intellectual property licensed by The Regents of the University of California to NeuroRecovery Technologies
    and it’s subsidiaries.

摘要:

尽管物种之间每个脊髓通路的精确解剖位置和所述选择性连接到脊髓中间神经元和运动神经元存在着差异,但已描述出的哺乳动物脊髓组织图案是可用的。根据这些描述,主要下行运动途径可根据它们的解剖起源和脊髓灰质终端分布图案进行分组。运动皮层会将皮质轴突投射到脊髓,主要在对侧线运行,并支配中间和背侧灰质神经元。另一方面,发源于脑干的脊柱通路被细分在横向和腹内侧系统。在功能上,皮质和横向脑干通路参与熟练肢体运动远端的臂和手的肌肉控制,脑干腹侧途径大多参与控制躯干和四肢的最近端肌肉姿势和运动。行为学和电生理研究大多在猫和非人类灵长类动物中进行,并佐证了上述研究的解剖结果。另外,啮齿动物与脊髓损伤轻率区域选择性地削弱特定运动功能,并证明了神经支配每个脊柱通路和脊髓网络的功能特异性。
 

Abstract:

Anatomical, electrophysiological and genetic studies have carefully dissected the pathways connecting the brain and the spinal cord. Lawrence and Kuypers described the organization of the descending motor pathways in the non human primate spinal cord. In spite of the differences between species regarding the precise anatomical location of each spinal pathway and the selective connectivity onto spinal interneurons and motoneurons, the pattern of organization described is conserved among the mammalian spinal cord. Based on their description, the major descending motor pathways are grouped depending on their anatomical origin and their terminal distribution pattern in the spinal grey matter. The motor cortex projects corticospinal axons to the spinal cord, which mostly run in the contralateral cord and innervate the mid and dorsal grey matter neurons. On the other hand, the spinal pathways originated in the brain stem are subdivided in the lateral and ventromedial systems. Whereas, the ventromedial system fibers are originated in the reticular formation and the vestibular complex, and terminate in the ventral and medial parts of the ventral horn grey matter, the lateral system fibers have their origin in red nucleus and preferentially terminate in the dorsal and lateral parts of the dorsal and medial grey matter. Together with the corticospinal fibres, the lateral brain-stem system contact interneurons related to motoneurons of distal muscles, whereas, ventromedial system pathways contact interneurons related to motoneurons of proximal muscles. Functionally, the corticospinal and lateral brain stem pathway are involved in the control of distal arm and hand muscles involved in skilled limb movements, the ventral brain stem pathways are mostly involved in the control the most proximal musculature of the trunk and limbs involved in posture and locomotion. Behavioral and electrophysiological studies, mostly performed in cats and non human primates corroborated these anatomical findings. Furthermore, rodents with injuries indiscrete areas of the spinal cord selectively impair specific motor functions, evidencing the functional specificity of each spinal pathways and the spinal networks innervated.